Microstructural and functional brain abnormalities in multiple sclerosis predicted by osteopontin and neurofilament light.

Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory biomarker, and neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels reflect axonal damage. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) defines brain networks during wakeful rest.

Objective: To examine, if levels of OPN and NFL are associated on the long term with (i) lesion evolution, (ii) changes in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) microstructure and (iii) functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Microbleeds show a characteristic distribution in cerebral fat embolism.

This systematic review aims to test the hypothesis that microbleeds detected by MRI are common and show a characteristic pattern in cerebral fat embolism (CFE). Eighty-four papers involving 140 CFE patients were eligible for this review based on a systematic literature search up to 31 January 2020. An additional case was added from hospital records.

False-Positive Malignant Diagnosis of Nodule Mimicking Lesions by Computer-Aided Thyroid Nodule Analysis in Clinical Ultrasonography Practice.

This study aims to test computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for thyroid nodules in clinical ultrasonography (US) practice with a focus towards identifying thyroid entities associated with CAD system misdiagnoses. Two-hundred patients referred to thyroid US were prospectively enrolled. An experienced radiologist evaluated the thyroid nodules and saved axial images for further offline blinded analysis using a commercially available CAD system.

[A case of primary leiomyosarcoma originating from the inferior vena cava].

The venous invasion from intraabdominal and retroperitoeal tumors ( liver and kidney) is relatively frequent. Primary vascular (venous) tumors are uncommon. The authors review the case of a 67-year-old woman, who was admitted to the hospital in a poor general condition with jaundice.

[Differential diagnosis of lateral cystic lesions in the knee joint].

Soft tissues detected on the lateral side of the knee joint may have differential diagnostic difficulties. Although most of these are benign, mostly cystic in appearance, they may raise the clinical suspicion of tumors due to their increased growth. The authors describe two rare soft tissue changes in three patients.