Nasal Airway Dimensions of Children With Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: To measure cross-sectional areas of the main nasal constrictions as a function of the distance into the nose in children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate, as compared with children without cleft, by acoustic rhinometry.

Design: Prospective analysis.

Setting: Craniofacial anomalies hospital.

Transverse effect of Haas and Hyrax appliances on the upper dental arch in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: a comparative study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the transverse effect of rapid maxillary expansion in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate while comparing the Haas and Hyrax appliances.

Methods: The sample consisted of 48 patients divided into two groups: Group I = 25 patients treated with modified Haas appliance (mean age: 10 years and 8 months); and Group II = 23 patients treated with Hyrax appliance (mean age: 10 years and 6 months). Cast models were taken during pre-expansion and after removal of the appliance, at the end of the retention period.

Prevalence of dental anomalies of number in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate.

Objective: This study aimed at carrying out a radiographic analysis on the prevalence of dental anomalies of number (agenesis and supernumerary teeth) in permanent dentition, in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate preadolescent patients.

Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 300 patients aged between 9 and 12 years, with cleft palate and enrolled in a single treatment center, were retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into two groups according to the extension/severity of the cleft palate: complete and incomplete.

Increase in age is associated with worse outcomes in alveolar bone grafting in patients with bilateral complete cleft palate.

This prospective study aimed at evaluating the surgical outcomes of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in subjects with bilateral cleft lip and palate treated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, by means of cone-beam computed tomography. Twenty-five patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, resulting in 50 clefts, were analyzed. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the dentition status at the time of surgery: (1) SABG group: subjects with mixed dentition operated on before or immediately after eruption of the permanent canine (10-13 years); (2) TABG group: subjects with permanent dentition (15-23 years).

Reconstruction of alveolar cleft with allogenous bone graft: Clinical considerations.

Introduction: Secondary bone grafting consists in a routine procedure on the treatment of patients with alveolar cleft. Usually, it is performed by the end of the mixed dentition, when the permanent canine is erupting, with autogenous cancellous bone from the iliac crest.

Objective: The present article discusses the alternative of autogenous bone grafting with allogeneic bone, obtained from human bone bank, illustrating the result with the report of a clinical case of left unilateral alveolar cleft.

Prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients with deciduous and mixed dentition and its association with other dental anomalies.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of mesiodens in deciduous and mixed dentitions and its association with other dental anomalies.

Material And Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 1,995 orthodontic patients were analyzed retrospectively, obtaining a final sample of 30 patients with mesiodens. The following aspects were analyzed: gender; number of mesiodens; proportion between erupted and non-erupted mesiodens; initial position of the supernumerary tooth; related complications; treatment plan accomplished; and associated dental anomalies.

Influence of intentional ankylosis of deciduous canines to reinforce the anchorage for maxillary protraction.

Introduction: This retrospective cephalometric study analyzed the influence of intentional ankylosis of deciduous canines in patients with Class III malocclusion and anterior crossbite, in the deciduous and early mixed dentition stages, treated by orthopedic maxillary expansion followed by maxillary protraction.

Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 40 patients were used, divided in 2 groups paired for age and gender. The Ankylosis Group was composed of 20 patients (10 boys and 10 girls) treated with induced ankylosis and presenting initial and final mean ages of 7 years 4 months and 8 years 3 months, respectively, with a mean period of maxillary protraction of 11 months.

Timing of alveolar bone grafting determines different outcomes in patients with unilateral cleft palate.

The objective of the current study was to assess the outcome of the alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in patients with cleft palate. Thirty-one patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were prospectively divided into 2 groups according to the timing of surgery: (1) secondary ABG (SABG), undertaken during mixed dentition (n = 16); and (2) tertiary ABG (TABG), undertaken during permanent dentition (n = 15). Septum height was assessed using cone beam computed tomography in 3 views (buccal, intermediate, palatal) and classified according to the modified Bergland Index, which scores the results into 5 types according to the height of the neoformed bone septum (excellent: septum with a normal height; good: septum with minor deficiency; regular: marginal defect of >25% of the root length; bad: bone deficiency on the nasal aspect; and failure).

Photographic assessment of nasal morphology following rapid maxillary expansion in children.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to use facial analysis to determine the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal morphology in children in the stages of primary and mixed dentition, with posterior cross-bite.

Material And Methods: Facial photographs (front view and profile) of 60 patients in the pre-expansion period, immediate post-expansion period and one year following rapid maxillary expansion with a Haas appliance were evaluated on 2 occasions by 3 experienced orthodontists independently, with a 2-week interval between evaluations. The examiners were instructed to assess nasal morphology and had no knowledge regarding the content of the study.

Alveolar bone morphology in patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate in the mixed dentition: cone beam computed tomography evaluation.

Objectives: To verify the thickness and level of alveolar bone around the teeth adjacent to the cleft by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate prior to bone graft surgery and orthodontic intervention.

Method: The sample comprised 10 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (five boys and five girls) in the mixed dentition. The mean age was 9.

Facial profile evaluation of isolated Pierre Robin sequence.

Objective: To evaluate numerically the facial profile of children with isolated Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) and to compare them with a control group that has no pathologies and exhibits regular and balanced facial growth, with no skeletal alterations.

Patients: Eighty-three children aged 5 to 10 years (PRS group, n  =  60; control group, n  =  23) were selected.

Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP).

Rapid maxillary expansion after secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with alveolar cleft.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that it is possible to perform rapid maxillary expansion (RME) after alveolar bone grafting in patients with clefts of the lip and palate (CLP) without compromising the final result of the bone graft.

Design: Occlusal and periapical radiographs of the grafted area of 17 unilateral and 11 bilateral patients with CLP (n = 28) were obtained before and after RME.

Setting And Sample Population: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRAC), University of São Paulo.

Dental arch dimensions in Class II division 1 malocclusions with mandibular deficiency.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the dimensions of the upper and lower dental arches in Class II division 1 malocclusion with a mandibular deficiency compared to normal Class I occlusion dental arches.

Materials And Methods: Photocopies of the dental arches of 48 patients exhibiting Class II division 1 malocclusion with mandibular deficiency and of 51 individuals with normal occlusion were compared. Mandibular deficiency was diagnosed clinically.

Epidemiology of posterior crossbite in the primary dentition.

This epidemiological survey was conducted on 2,016 children from 8 private and 12 public preschools at the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The sample was composed of 1,032 males and 984 females in the primary dentition stage, aged 3 to 6 years. Normal occlusion was observed in 26.

Influence of isolated cleft palate and palatoplasty on the face.

Introduction: The literature has demonstrated that alterations in craniofacial morphology characterizing individuals with cleft palate are observed in both operated and unoperated patients.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of isolated cleft palate and palatoplasty on the face, based on facial analysis.

Material And Methods: Lateral facial photographs of the right side of 85 young adult patients with cleft palate were analyzed, of whom 50 were operated on and 35 had never received any previous surgical treatment.

Post expansion evaluation of the midpalatal suture in children submitted to rapid palatal expansion: a CT study.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the midpalatal suture in children submitted to rapid palatalexpansion, at the end of the retention stage, with CT scans. The sample was comprised of 17 children aged between 5 years 2 months and 10 years 5 months. The tomographic images showed that the midpalatal suture was completely ossified from the anterior nasal spine area to the posterior nasal spine area at the end of the retention phase, that is, 8 to 9 months post-expansion.

Prevalence of a Simonart's band in patients with complete cleft lip and alveolus and complete cleft lip and palate.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of the presence of a soft tissue bridge (Simonart's band) in patients with complete cleft lip and alveolus and complete cleft lip and palate.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Sample: We assessed 407 consecutive unoperated patients first attending the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of University of São Paulo, in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, in the year 2000.

Long-term radiographic assessment of secondary alveolar bone grafting outcomes in patients with alveolar clefts.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) in patients with complete, unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) operated on before eruption of the permanent canine.

Study Design: Sixty-five periapical radiographs from 41 patients with left UCLP and 24 with right UCLP (9 to 12 years old at SABG), were analyzed retrospectively for the amount of bone in the cleft site according to the Bergland and Chelsea scales, and for the occurrence of canine eruption (CE) through the neoformed bone.

Results: Of the cases, 71% were classified as Bergland type I and Chelsea type A; 15% as types II/C, and 14% could not be classified.

Evaluation of the midpalatal suture during rapid palatal expansion in children: a CT study.

The midpalatal suture of 18 children submitted to rapid palatal expansion with the Haas fixed expander and ranging in age from 5 years 2 months to 10 years 5 months was evaluated with computerized tomography. The posterior nasal spine undergoes the impact of RPE in patients in the primary and mixed dentition stages, similarly to the anterior nasal spine though to a lesser extent. The average opening of the midpalatal suture was 2.

Delayed formation of a lower second premolar.

Delayed odontogenesis of a lower second premolar is presented in a case treated without extraction and focuses on the 7-year follow-up of the delayed tooth bud. The follow-up was initiated when the crown formation was diagnosed and was finished when the tooth erupted completely into the orthodontically provided space, which enabled the orthodontic leveling and alignment of the delayed premolar. The long follow-up indicates that delayed tooth buds may develop completely and normally.

Behavior of partially formed roots of teeth submitted to orthodontic movement.

The occurrence of root resorption in orthodontically treated permanent incisors with partially formed roots was investigated using periapical radiographs taken before and after the orthodontic leveling in the mixed dentition. The mean age at the beginning of treatment was 9 years and the mean treatment time was 7.1 months.

Influence of lip repair on craniofacial morphology of patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare two groups of adult male patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) on the basis of lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Patients: The first group of adult male patients with complete BCLP was comprised of 13 unoperated patients with an average age of 21 years. The second group was comprised of 14 patients with an average age of 21 years 7 months, who had been operated only on the lip prior to 2 years of age.