Pancreastatin Reduces Alternatively Activated Macrophages, Disrupts the Epithelial Homeostasis and Aggravates Colonic Inflammation. A Descriptive Analysis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by modifying alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) and epithelial homeostasis. Chromogranin-A (CHGA), released by enterochromaffin cells, is elevated in UC and is implicated in inflammation progression. CHGA can be cleaved into several derived peptides, including pancreastatin (PST), which is involved in proinflammatory mechanisms.

Semaphorin 3E regulates apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium during the development of colitis.

Semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E) has emerged as an axon-guiding molecule that regulates various biological processes including the immune responses and apoptosis. However, its role in the pathophysiology of colitis remains elusive. We investigated the role of SEMA3E in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) activation, using biopsies from patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), a mouse model of UC, and an in-vitro model of intestinal mucosal healing.

Reactivation of Intestinal Inflammation Is Suppressed by Catestatin in a Murine Model of Colitis M1 Macrophages and Not the Gut Microbiota.

While there is growing awareness of a relationship between chromogranin-A (CHGA) and susceptibility to inflammatory conditions, the role of human catestatin [(hCTS); CHGA] in the natural history of established inflammatory bowel disease is not known. Recently, using two different experimental models, we demonstrated that hCTS-treated mice develop less severe acute colitis. We have also shown the implication of the macrophages in this effect.

Chromofungin (CHR: CHGA) is downregulated in persons with active ulcerative colitis and suppresses pro-inflammatory macrophage function through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling.

Chromogranin-A (CHGA) is a prohormone secreted by neuroendocrine cells and is a precursor of several bioactive peptides, which are implicated in different and distinctive biological and immune functions. Chromofungin (CHR: CHGA) is a short peptide with antimicrobial effects and encodes from CHGA exon-IV. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by alterations in the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling leading to the perpetuation of the inflammatory process.