Trends in poisonings involving ketamine in the United States, 2019-2023.

Background: Off-label prescribing of ketamine to treat psychiatric disorders has been increasing, as has recreational use and availability of illicit ketamine. It is important to examine trends in ketamine-related poisonings to inform public health efforts.

Methods: We examined data from poisonings (exposures) involving ketamine reported to Poison Centers in the US between 2019 and 2023 (n = 1519).

E-cigarette (EC) and heated tobacco product (HTP) use in the United Arab Emirates, an emerging EC and HTP market: A cross-sectional analysis of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) UAE Survey.

Introduction: E-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are recent arrivals to the nicotine product market in the Middle East, which are rapidly growing in popularity in the region. There is a lack of surveillance data at the country-level on use of these products and factors associated with their use.

Methods: This study analyzed a subset of data from the UAE Healthy Future Study, a population-based cohort study of the Emirati population, to determine the factors associated with EC and HTP use among a sample of Emirati adults (≥ 18 years).

Evaluation and randomised controlled trial of home urinalysis testing in patients with SLE at elevated risk for developing lupus nephritis: a study protocol.

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent complication of SLE, occurring in up to 60% of adult patients and ultimately progressing from acute inflammation to chronicity with fibrosis and end-stage kidney failure in 10%-30% of patients. Racial/ethnic minority patients with lupus have worse long-term outcomes, including progression to end-stage renal disease and overall mortality. A major challenge in the management of patients with SLE is delayed identification of early kidney disease, which ultimately leads to a greater burden on both patients and the health system.

Use of e-cigarettes, traditional combustible cigarettes, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein: The Cross Cohort Collaboration.

This cross-sectional study included 18,797 participants from 6 longitudinal cohorts (CARDIA, FHS Gen III, HCHS/SOL, MESA, MiHeart, and REGARDS), and 5,806 of them had high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measurements. We found that exclusive electronic cigarette (EC) use was associated with significantly lower hs-CRP levels compared to exclusive combustible cigarette use, suggesting a potentially lower inflammatory burden. hs-CRP levels in dual users and former smokers currently using EC were comparable to those observed in exclusive cigarette smokers.

Initial experimentation with tobacco is associated with subsequent tobacco use patterns among youth in the United States.

Understanding the association between initial experimentation with a tobacco product and subsequent patterns of tobacco use among youth is important to informing prevention activities for youth in the US. We conducted an online survey from August to October 2017 among youth aged 13-18 years. The current analysis focused on respondents reporting initial experimentation with any tobacco product (n = 2,022).

Cannabis Use, Use Disorder, and Workplace Absenteeism in the U.S., 2021-2022.

Introduction: Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes, but their impact on workplace absenteeism remains poorly understood. Moreover, few studies have examined the role of CUD severity. This study aims to address these gaps by examining the associations between cannabis use recency, frequency, CUD severity, and workplace absenteeism.

Association between a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and smoking abstinence: An analysis of the National Health Interview Survey (2006-2018).

Objective: Both diabetes and smoking significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding whether a diagnosis of diabetes can be leveraged to promote smoking cessation is a gap in the literature.

Methods: We used data from the US National Health Interview Survey, 2006 to 2018, to investigate the relationship between self-report of diagnosis of diabetes and subsequent smoking abstinence among 142,884 respondents who reported regular smoking at baseline.

Protocol for the development of a vaping cessation intervention for young adult veterans.

The use of e-cigarettes ("vaping") by young adults has increased substantially in the past decade. Although health risks of long-term e-cigarette use remain unknown, there is evidence of acute physiological harms. Most young adults who vape report intent to quit, but little is known about effective interventions.

The effectiveness of a theory -based health education program on waterpipe smoking cessation in Iran: one year follow-up of a quasi-experimental research.

Background: The present research aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) on waterpipe (WT) smoking cessation in women.

Methods: The present quasi-experimental had a pre-test, post-test design with 3, 6 and 12 months follow-ups was conducted in Bandar Abbas city, south of Iran in December 2021-March 2023. A total of 448 women over the age of 15 (224 in the intervention group (IG), 224 in the control group (CG)), using a two-stage cluster sampling method participated.

Longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms among US adults: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 4-5.

Background: We assessed longitudinal effects of e-cigarette use on respiratory symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US adults by combustible tobacco smoking status.

Methods: We analyzed Waves 4-5 public-use data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Study sample included adult respondents who reported no diagnosis of respiratory diseases at Wave 4, and completed Waves 4-5 surveys with no missing data on analytic variables (N = 15,291).

Trial Participants' Perceptions of the Impact of Ecological Momentary Assessment on Smoking Behaviors: Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an increasingly used tool for data collection in behavioral research, including smoking cessation studies. As previous addiction research suggests, EMA has the potential to elicit cue reactivity by triggering craving and increasing behavioral awareness. However, there has been limited evaluation of its potential influence on behavior.

The effectiveness of a telephone smoking cessation program in mental health clinic patients by level of mental well-being and functioning: a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Few studies have examined the effectiveness of telephone smoking cessation interventions by severity of behavioral health symptoms. Using data from a telephone counseling study, we examined whether abstinence rates varied by level of behavioral health symptoms.

Methods: The parent study recruited adults who smoke cigarettes (N = 577) referred by mental health providers at six Veterans Health Administration facilities.

Association between Food Consumption Patterns and Handgrip Strength among Adults Aged ≥55 Years in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the IFLS-5.

We aimed to examine the association of food consumption patterns, measured by dietary diversity score (DDS) or food consumption score (FCS), with handgrip strength (HGS) among adults aged ≥55 years in Indonesia. This is a cross-sectional study involving 4351 middle-aged and older adults from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Fifth Wave (IFLS-5), collected in 2014-2015. A weighted linear regression model was used to examine the association of DDS or FCS with HGS in crude and adjusted models.

E-Cigarette Use Among US Adults in the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.

Importance: After the initial disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear how patterns of e-cigarette use in the US have changed.

Objective: To examine recent patterns in current and daily e-cigarette use among US adults in 2021.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database.

Associations between Birth Weight and Adult Sleep Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the UAEHFS.

Abnormal birth weight, particularly low birth weight (LBW), is known to have long-term adverse health consequences in adulthood, with disrupted sleep being suggested as a mediator or modifier of this link. We thus aimed to assess the associations between birth weight and self-reported adult sleep characteristics: sleep duration, difficulty waking up in the morning, daily nap frequency, sleep problems at night, snoring, daytime tiredness or sleepiness, and ever-stop breathing during sleep. This cross-sectional analysis used the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study data collected from February 2016 to March 2023 involving 2124 Emiratis aged 18-61 years.

The Effectiveness of a Telephone Smoking Cessation Program in Mental Health Clinic Patients by Level of Mental Well-Being and Functioning: A Secondary Data Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Few studies have examined the effectiveness of telephone smoking cessation interventions by severity of behavioral health symptoms. Using data from a telephone counseling study, we examined whether abstinence rates varied by level of behavioral health symptoms.

Methods: The parent study recruited adults who smoke cigarettes (N = 577) referred by mental health providers at six Veterans Health Administration facilities.

Epigenetic embedding of childhood adversity: mitochondrial metabolism and neurobiology of stress-related CNS diseases.

This invited article ad memoriam of Bruce McEwen discusses emerging epigenetic mechanisms underlying the from adverse childhood experiences to adult physiology and brain functions. The conceptual framework that we pursue suggest multidimensional biological pathways for the rapid regulation of neuroplasticity that utilize rapid non-genomic mechanisms of epigenetic programming of gene expression and modulation of metabolic function via mitochondrial metabolism. The current article also highlights how applying computational tools can foster the translation of basic neuroscience discoveries for the development of novel treatment models for mental illnesses, such as depression to slow the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease.