Detection of hyaluronidase RNA and activity in urine of schistosomal and non-schistosomal bladder cancer.

Diagnosis of bladder cancer is done by cystoscopy and cytology. In the last decade, many urine-based tests for bladder cancer have been developed and tested in different populations. Hence, it was relevant to assess the diagnostic significance of urinary hyaluronidase RNA and its enzyme activity in bladder cancer.

Aberrant methylation of RARbeta2 and APC genes in voided urine as molecular markers for early detection of bilharzial and nonbilharzial bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer cells illustrate major disruptions in their DNA methylation patterns as compared with normal ones. Authors aimed to identify epigenetic molecular markers in urine for early detection of bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the methylation status of RARβ(2) and APC genes in urine samples from 210 bladder cancer patients, 61 patients with benign urological diseases, and 49 healthy volunteers by using methylation-specific PCR.

Expression of HYAL1 and survivin RNA as diagnostic molecular markers for bladder cancer.

Purpose: Urinary tumor markers that help in the early detection of bladder cancer promise a significant improvement in sensitivity, specificity and convenience over conventional, invasive diagnostic tests. We assessed the diagnostic efficacy of hyaluronidase (HYAL1) and survivin for early bladder cancer detection.

Materials And Methods: The study included 166 patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma, 112 with benign bladder lesions and 100 healthy volunteers who served as controls.

A panel of angiogenic factors for early bladder cancer detection: enzyme immunoassay and Western blot.

Purpose: Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a large number of pro-angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and angiogenin. We adapted and evaluated the measurement of these factors using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared the results with Western blot and voided urine cytology.

Materials And Methods: This study included 240 patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma, 108 with benign bladder lesions and 110 healthy individuals who served as controls.

Detection of bladder carcinoma by combined testing of urine for hyaluronidase and cytokeratin 20 RNAs.

Background: A new, sensitive, noninvasive method for the detection of urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder would open new possibilities in both the diagnosis and followup of patients.

Methods: This study included 228 patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma, 68 patients with benign bladder lesions, and 44 healthy persons served as the control group. All were subjected to: serologic schistosomiasis antibody assay in serum, urine cytology, estimation of urine hyaluronic acid (HA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and detection of CK-20 and hyaluronidase (HAase) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in urothelial cells from voided urine.

HER2/neu expression in bladder cancer: relationship to cell cycle kinetics.

Background And Objectives: The incidence of overexpression of HER2/neu in bladder cancer is one of the highest among all human malignancies tested; such overexpression is thought to play a role in the aberrant proliferation of cancer cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative assessment of HER2/neu expression by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and its prognostic significance in differentiating between high and low proliferating tumors.

Patients And Methods: Tissue samples were collected from 35 patients with benign bladder lesions, 28 with bilharzial bladder cancer, and 25 with nonbilharzial bladder cancer.

Cell cycle regulators in bladder cancer: relationship to schistosomiasis.

Dysregulation of cell cycle control may lead to genomic instability, neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. In terms of the particular roles in regulation of the cell-cycle, p21(WAF1) causes growth arrest through inhibition of cyclin-dependant kinases required for G1/S transition. P16 (INK4A) and p15 (INK4B) are thought to act as tumor suppressors, since their inactivation and/or deletion are observable in various types of malignancies.

Comparison of cytokeratin 20 RNA and angiogenin in voided urine samples as diagnostic tools for bladder carcinoma.

Background: We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of urinary angiogenin (ANG) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20) mRNA in comparison with voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder cancer patients.

Objectives And Methods: A total of 97 Egyptian patients provided a single voided urine sample for ANG, CK-20 and cytology before cystoscopy. Of the 97 cases, 63 were histologically diagnosed as bladder cancer; 33 with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 30 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas the remaining 34 had benign urological disorders.

Detection of bladder tumours: role of cytology, morphology-based assays, biochemical and molecular markers.

Purpose Of Review: Cystoscopy is currently considered the gold standard for the detection of bladder tumours. The role of urine cytology in the initial detection and follow-up of patients is under discussion. Many efforts have been made to increase the detection rates and to predict the outcome of bladder cancer.