Conversion of sustainable lignocellulosic biomass of sorghum stalks to ultra-high surface area nanostructured phosphorous doped carbons for efficient adsorption of cationic dyes.

Biomass-based functional materials are known as versatile and cost-effective sources for the formation of different advanced nanocarbon materials. Sorghum stalks biomass is a main residual lignocellulosic agricultural material that produces in huge amounts after harvesting of sorghum grains. However, Sorghum stalks biomass material has low density, large specific volume, and no nutritional value, therefore actions are required for its valorization.

The Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Pediatric Facial Fractures.

Pediatric facial fractures, while less common due to the unique skeletal characteristics of children, represent a significant source of morbidity with potential long-term developmental consequences. This comprehensive national study utilizes data from the Trauma Quality Improvement Project (TQIP) to analyze trends in pediatric facial fractures across the United States between 2017 and 2022, noting trends observed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors examined a robust cohort of 121,407 pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 who sustained facial fractures.

Predictors of Delayed Surgery After Distal Radius Fracture: A Large National Database Study.

Background: Surgical timing after distal radius fracture may impact patient outcome. This retrospective study assessed the timing of surgery after distal radius fracture and predictors of delayed surgery.

Materials And Methods: Patients who had distal radius fractures were identified from the PearlDiver M161Ortho dataset.

Anatomic variation of the spinal accessory innervation pattern of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: A cadaveric study.

Several studies have described the anatomical course of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and its associated landmarks. In particular, the SAN course through the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) has been reported as either intramuscular or branching without penetration of the SCM. However, it remains unclear what the occurrence of either anatomical course is, as various studies have reported inconsistent findings.

Assessing the Relationship Between Mandibular Contouring and Iatrogenic Jowling in Facial Feminization Surgery.

Lower-third facial feminization procedures have been associated with the development of postoperative jowling, yet quantitative evaluations of this outcome remain limited. This study evaluated the relationship between patient risk factors and bony volume reduction with postoperative jowling. Chin and gonial angle bony measurements were obtained from preoperative and postoperative computed tomography imaging, whereas changes in jowling were assessed using a validated photonumeric jowling scale on preoperative and postoperative patient images.

Distal Radius Fracture in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Management and Adverse Events.

Purpose: Previous research has highlighted the elevated fracture risk among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The current study assesses the association between HIV and the management and adverse events of distal radius fractures.

Methods: Patients with a distal radius fracture from 2016 to 2022 were identified in a national administrative database.

Mechanically robust and stretchable organic solar cells plasticized by small-molecule acceptors.

Emerging wearable devices would benefit from integrating ductile photovoltaic light-harvesting power sources. In this work, we report a small-molecule acceptor (SMA), also known as a non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), designed for stretchable organic solar cell (-OSC) blends with large mechanical compliance and performance. Blends of the organosilane-functionalized SMA BTP-Si4 with the polymer donor PNTB6-Cl achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >16% and ultimate strain (ε) of >95%.

The Most Socially Vulnerable Patients Benefit the Most Following Gender Affirming Facial Surgery.

Objective: While studies have shown that access to facial feminization surgery can be restricted by financial and geographic limitations, there is a lack of information on the impact of surgery on the most vulnerable patients. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of social vulnerability and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage on patient-reported outcomes after facial feminization surgery.

Methods: Patients were surveyed pre and postoperatively using the FACE-Q Aesthetics Questionnaire and geo-coded using home addresses to obtain social vulnerability index (SVI) and Area Deprivation Index scores.

Opioid Use Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Mandibular Fractures.

A mandible fracture is a common traumatic craniofacial injury for which surgery is sometimes indicated. Post-fracture and postoperative pain are often controlled through prescribed narcotics, which have received increased attention for potential abuse. The current work identified 90-day opioid prescribing patterns following surgically treated mandible fractures.

Critical Assessment of Fellowship Director Gender and Ethnic Diversity across the Five Major Plastic Surgery Fellowships.

Background: Subspecialty fellowship directors are essential to the selection and mentorship of trainees. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the gender and racial/ethnic diversity of fellowship directors across fellowship programs in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS).

Methods: In December 2023, listings of fellowship programs/directors were surveyed from respective professional society websites across the 5 primary PRS fellowships: hand (American Society for Surgery of the Hand), craniofacial (American Society of Craniofacial Surgeons), microsurgery (American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery), aesthetic (The Aesthetic Society), and burn (American Burn Association).

ChatGPT Virtual Assistant for Breast Reconstruction: Assessing Preferences for a Traditional Chatbot versus a Human AI VideoBot.

Background: Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have reshaped telehealth, with AI chatbots like Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) showing promise in various medical applications. ChatGPT is capable of offering basic patient education on procedures in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS), yet the preference between human AI VideoBots and traditional chatbots in plastic and reconstructive surgery remains unexplored.

Methods: We developed a VideoBot by integrating ChatGPT with Synthesia, a human AI avatar video platform.

Trends in Revision Facial Feminization Surgery.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) can be an important part of an individual's transition; however, outcomes have not been well explored in the literature. This study aims to elucidate trends in FFS with a focus on drivers of secondary FFS to further improve care for TGNB patients. A manual chart review was conducted on patients from a single institution from 2012 to 2023 with a diagnosis of transsexualism (F64) who had undergone one or more surgeries associated with any 1 or more of 95 CPT codes related to gender-affirming surgery.

Using the SCAR-Q to Evaluate Morbidity of Scars in Craniosynostosis Repair.

Objective: While previous literature has investigated the psychosocial impact and aesthetic satisfaction associated with post-operative scarring for certain pediatric craniofacial conditions, the impact of the scar burden resulting from craniosynostosis surgery has not been adequately studied.

Participants: SCAR-Q was shared with patients ages 8 and older. Thirty-two complete patient responses were recorded.

The Association of Surgical Setting With Opioid Prescribing Patterns Following Wide-Awake Trigger Finger Release.

Introduction: Wide-awake and office-based hand surgeries are increasingly common. The association of these techniques with postoperative pain and pain control has garnered recent attention. A prior study demonstrated that office-based trigger finger release (TFR) were associated with decreased perioperative opioid prescriptions compared to those performed in the operating room.

Unveiling Competitive Adsorption in TiO Photocatalysis through Machine-Learning-Accelerated Molecular Dynamics, DFT, and Experimental Methods.

The efficient harnessing of solar power for water treatment via photocatalytic processes has long been constrained by the challenge of understanding and optimizing the interactions at the photocatalyst surface, particularly in the presence of nontarget cosolutes. The adsorption of these cosolutes, such as natural organic matter, onto photocatalysts can inhibit the degradation of pollutants, drastically decreasing the photocatalytic efficiency. In the present work, computational methods are employed to predict the inhibitory action of a suite of small organic molecules during TiO photocatalytic degradation of -chlorobenzoic acid (CBA).

Bromine Incorporation Affects Phase Transformations and Thermal Stability of Lead Halide Perovskites.

Mixed-cation and mixed-halide lead halide perovskites show great potential for their application in photovoltaics. Many of the high-performance compositions are made of cesium, formamidinium, lead, iodine, and bromine. However, incorporating bromine in iodine-rich compositions and its effects on the thermal stability of the perovskite structure has not been thoroughly studied.

Surgical Management of Breast Capsular Contracture-A Multi-institutional Data Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Complications.

Background: Capsular contracture (CC) is a common complication following implant-based breast surgery, often requiring surgical intervention. Yet, little is known about risk factors and outcomes following CC surgery.

Methods: We reviewed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2008-2021) to identify female patients diagnosed with CC and treated surgically.

Sports participation after craniosynostosis repair: the critical role of post-operative guidance in parental decision-making.

Purpose: Despite previous research supporting patient safety in sports after craniosynostosis surgery, parental anxiety remains high. This study sought to evaluate the role of healthcare providers in guiding patients and families through the decision-making process.

Methods: Parents of children with repaired craniosynostosis were asked to assess sports involvement and parental decision-making in children ages 6 and older.

Smooth versus Textured Tissue Expanders: Comparison of Outcomes and Complications in 536 Implants.

 Increasing concerns regarding the safety of textured surface implants have resulted in surgeons transitioning from textured tissue expanders (TEs) to smooth TEs. Given this change has only recently occurred, this study evaluated outcomes between smooth and textured TEs.  Women who underwent two-stage breast reconstruction using TEs from 2013 to 2022 were included.

Application possibilities of artificial intelligence in facial vascularized composite allotransplantation-a narrative review.

Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (FVCA) is an emerging field of reconstructive surgery that represents a dogmatic shift in the surgical treatment of patients with severe facial disfigurements. While conventional reconstructive strategies were previously considered the goldstandard for patients with devastating facial trauma, FVCA has demonstrated promising short- and long-term outcomes. Yet, there remain several obstacles that complicate the integration of FVCA procedures into the standard workflow for facial trauma patients.

Technique for Cephalometric Analysis of the Craniofacial Skeleton Following Facial Feminization Surgery.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is characterized by a series of relatively diverse procedures aimed at aligning skeletal and soft tissue facial appearance with one's experienced feminine gender. Although there are several well-described outcomes from surgical techniques, there is no standardized methodology to provide reliable analyses of postoperative FFS outcomes. This paper describes the first reliable and reproducible technique to accurately and consistently measure post-FFS changes to guide surgical planning to optimize patient outcomes.

Dual-light emitting 3D encryption with printable fluorescent-phosphorescent metal-organic frameworks.

Optical encryption technologies based on room-temperature light-emitting materials are of considerable interest. Herein, we present three-dimensional (3D) printable dual-light-emitting materials for high-performance optical pattern encryption. These are based on fluorescent perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) designed for phosphorescent host-guest interactions.

The selective heating effect of microwave irradiation on a binary mixture of water and polyethylene oxide: a molecular dynamics simulation approach.

In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of a microwave-driven selective heating process by performing molecular dynamics simulations for three different systems including pure water, pure polyethylene oxide (PEO), and water-PEO mixed systems in the presence of a microwave with two different intensities of electric field such as 0.001 V Å and 0.01 V Å at a frequency of 100 GHz.