The effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and antibiotic sensitivity.

Aims: Despite a decline in tobacco smoking in the developed world, the developing world has witnessed an increase in such activity over recent years. An increase in antibiotic resistance has accompanied this increase in tobacco use, and we suggest that the two may be linked. This study aims to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on bacterial virulence and susceptibility to antibiotics.

Launching COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia: Lessons learned, and the way forward.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) emerged in Wuhan City, China. The SARS-CoV-2 crossed borders and quickly transformed into a "Public health emergency of international concern". Countries around the globe are in the race to achieve herd immunity.

Chronic Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Immunocompetent Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review.

We report cases of Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis (CIFS) in patients considered as immunocompetent at tertiary care center (King Faisal Specialist Hospital), to analyze their clinical, biological, radiological features, and management. A retrospective chart review of CIFS in immunocompetent patients. The inclusion criteria as the following: immunocompetent patients of any age with histopathological findings of CIFS.