The influence of oral antioxidants on men with infertility: a systemic review.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the current evidence regarding the impact of oral antioxidant supplementation on semen parameters of infertile men.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, and Cochrane electronic databases, adhering to modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The focus was on studies exploring the effects of antioxidant therapy on infertile men, with an examination of antioxidants in terms of types, doses, rationale for use, and their impact on semen parameters measures.

The importance of community health workers as frontline responders during the COVID-19 pandemic, Somalia, 2020-2021.

Introduction: We examined the contribution of community health workers as frontline responders for the community-based surveillance in Somalia during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic for detection of COVID-19 cases and identification of contacts.

Methods: We retrieved COVID-19 surveillance data from 16 March 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the health ministry's central database. These data were collected through community health workers, health facilities or at the points of entry.

Evaluation of the electronic Early Warning and Response Network (EWARN) system in Somalia, 2017-2020.

Background: In 2008, Somalia introduced an electronic based Early Warning Alert and Response Network (EWARN) for real time detection and response to alerts of epidemic prone diseases in a country experiencing a complex humanitarian situation. EWARN was deactivated between 2008 to 2016 due to civil conflict and reactivated in 2017 during severe drought during a cholera outbreak. We present an assessment of the performance of the EWARN in Somalia from January 2017 to December 2020, reflections on the successes and failures, and provide future perspectives for enhancement of the EWARN to effectively support an Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response strategy.

Launching COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia: Lessons learned, and the way forward.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) emerged in Wuhan City, China. The SARS-CoV-2 crossed borders and quickly transformed into a "Public health emergency of international concern". Countries around the globe are in the race to achieve herd immunity.

Pathways of change for achieving sustainability results: A tool to facilitate adaptive programming.

Traditional approaches to development programming with fixed targets and outcomes do not fit complex problems where the pathway to achieve results differs in each context and evolves constantly. Adaptive programming improves responses to complex problems by identifying which solutions bring change. This paper reviews the theory behind adaptive programming approaches and introduces the 'Pathways of Change' tool for achieving sustainability results, developed for the multi-country Women's Integrated Sexual Health programme.

Chronic Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Immunocompetent Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review.

We report cases of Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis (CIFS) in patients considered as immunocompetent at tertiary care center (King Faisal Specialist Hospital), to analyze their clinical, biological, radiological features, and management. A retrospective chart review of CIFS in immunocompetent patients. The inclusion criteria as the following: immunocompetent patients of any age with histopathological findings of CIFS.

Expressing the immunodominant projection domain of infectious bursal disease virus fused to the fragment crystallizable of chicken IgY in yellow maize for a prospective edible vaccine.

Control of Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in endemic countries has been based on early immunization of chicks using conventional live or inactivated vaccines that became not fully effectual and have biosafety concerns. This endeavor seeks generating a recombinant chimeric protein merging the projection domain (PD) of IBDV VP2 capsid with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) of avian IgY (FcIgY), in maize as a prospective poultry edible vaccine. The PD sequence was built on the basis of very virulent IBDV isolates circulating in Egypt.

Construction, Expression and Evaluation of Recombinant VP2 Protein for serotype-independent Detection of FMDV Seropositive Animals in Egypt.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of cloven-hoofed animals. The detection of antibodies (Ab) against FMDV structural proteins (SP) using virus neutralization test (VNT) and liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) is the standard procedure in use for monitoring seroconversion in animals post vaccination, the prevalence of infection-surveillance, proving clinical cases and seronegative status of FMDV-free/naïve-animals prior transportation. However, due to variations within SP of FMDV serotypes, each serotype-specific Ab should be detected separately which is laborious and time-consuming.

Design of an InGaAsP/InP compact integrated optical depolarizer.

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate two integrated optics InGaAsP/InP depolarizer circuits. The first one is based on the Lyot depolarizer configuration, while the second one is based on the Mach-Zehnder configuration. Detailed simulation, using three-dimensional full vectorial beam propagation method, shows that a high-index contrast material allows the design of a compact polarization insensitive depolarizer.

Five-year outcomes of preoperative chemoradiation for rectal carcinoma in Saudi population: single-institutional experience.

Objectives: Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) followed by surgery is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The outcomes of preoperative CRT in Saudi patients with LARC have not been widely studied. The study reports long-term outcomes after preoperative CRT followed by curative surgery in Saudi patients with LARC.