Language Artificial Intelligence Models as Pioneers in Diagnostic Medicine? A Retrospective Analysis on Real-Time Patients.

GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 has shown promise in assisting healthcare professionals with clinical questions. However, their performance in real-time clinical scenarios remains underexplored.

Clinical and demographic factors modify the association between plasma phosphorylated tau-181 and cognition.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau181) associations with global cognition and memory are clear, but the link between p-tau181 with other cognitive domains and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) across the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how this association changes based on genetic and demographic factors is poorly understood.

Methods: Participants were drawn from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and included 1185 adults >55 years of age with plasma p-tau181 and neuropsychological test data. Linear regression models related plasma p-tau181 to neuropsychological composite and SCD scores with follow-up models examining plasma p-tau181 interactions with cognitive diagnosis, apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status, age, and sex on cognitive outcomes.

PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF INJURY IN SEXUAL ASSAULT CASES PRESENTED AT KHYBER MEDICAL COLLEGE PESHAWAR.

Background: Actual or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether by force or under unequal or coercive conditions. Nowadays sexual assault is considered a major public health issue all over the world, especially in developing countries. Sexual abuse is declared as a medical emergency.

Cognitive status and demographics modify the association between subjective cognition and amyloid.

Objective: This study examined the effect of cognitive status, education, and sex on the association between subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in non-demented older adults.

Methods: Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants (n = 129), dementia or stroke free, completed fasting lumbar puncture, SCD assessment, and cognitive assessment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for AD were analyzed.

Engineered CD47 protects T cells for enhanced antitumour immunity.

Adoptively transferred T cells and agents designed to block the CD47-SIRPα axis are promising cancer therapeutics that activate distinct arms of the immune system. Here we administered anti-CD47 antibodies in combination with adoptively transferred T cells with the goal of enhancing antitumour efficacy but observed abrogated therapeutic benefit due to rapid macrophage-mediated clearance of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or engineered T cell receptors. Anti-CD47-antibody-mediated CAR T cell clearance was potent and rapid enough to serve as an effective safety switch.

Oestrogen And Progesterone Receptors' Expression Pattern In Fibro-Adenoma Of The Female Breast.

Background: Fibro-adenoma is the most common benign condition of the female breast comprising about 68% of all breast lumps. Fibroadenoma is an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Complex fibroadenoma has a 2-3-fold increased risk ratio and simple fibroadenoma has 1.

New-onset seizures: an unusual neurologic manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the musculoskeletal system but can often involve other organ systems as well. Rheumatoid meningitis is a rare central nervous system (CNS) manifestation of RA characterized by pachymeningeal and leptomeningeal enhancement. Herein, we present a case of a 64-year-old male who presented with left lower extremity weakness and witnessed seizures.

Perivascular space burden interacts with APOE-ε4 status on cognition in older adults.

Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) may adversely affect cognition. Little is known about how basal ganglia ePVS interact with apolipoprotein (APOE)-ε4 status. Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants (n = 326, 73 ± 7, 59% male) underwent 3 T brain MRI at baseline to assess ePVS and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments.

Clinical and demographic factors modify the association between plasma phosphorylated tau-181 and cognition.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) associations with global cognition and memory are clear, but the link between p-tau181 with other cognitive domains and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) across the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how this association changes based on genetic and demographic factors is poorly understood.

Methods: Participants were drawn from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and included 1185 adults aged >55 years with plasma p-tau181 and neuropsychological test data. Linear regression models related plasma p-tau181 to neuropsychological composite and SCD scores with follow-up models examining plasma p-tau181 interactions with cognitive diagnosis, ε4 carrier status, age, and sex on cognitive outcomes.

Sex and Education Modify the Association Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amyloid Pathology.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early risk factor for dementia, particularly in highly educated individuals and women. This study examined the effect of education and sex on the association between SCD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in non-demented older adults.

Method: Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants free of clinical dementia or stroke (n=156, 72±6 years, 37% mild cognitive impairment, 33% female) completed fasting lumbar puncture, SCD assessment, and Wide Range Achievement Test-III Reading subtest to assess reading level at baseline as a a proxy for educational quality.

Lupus Podocytopathy: A Rare Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Lupus podocytopathy, a unique form of lupus nephritis, mimics minimal change disease (MCD) or primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and represents approximately 1% of lupus nephritis biopsies. Lupus podocytopathy is characterized by diffuse epithelial cell foot process effacement without immune complex deposition or with only mesangial immune complex deposition. We present the case of a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury (AKI) and was subsequently diagnosed with lupus podocytopathy.

Evidence of Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Necrotizing Autoimmune Myopathy (NAM).

Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is a rare inflammatory myopathy primarily affecting skeletal muscles. Cardiac involvement has been reported in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), but its extent remains poorly understood. We present a unique case of a 68-year-old male with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibody-positive NAM initially presenting with elevated troponin levels.

Neurodiversity and National Security: How to Tackle National Security Challenges with a Wider Range of Cognitive Talents.

National security organizations need highly skilled and intellectually creative individuals who are eager to apply their talents to address the nation's most pressing challenges. In public and private discussions, officials and experts addressed the need for in the national security community. They described missions that are too important and too difficult to be left to those who use their brains only in ways.

Baseline grey matter volumes and white matter hyperintensities predict decline in functional activities in older adults over a 5-year follow-up period.

Introduction: Functional independence is an essential predictor of quality of life in aging, yet few accessible predictors of functional decline have been identified. This study examined associations between baseline structural neuroimaging markers and longitudinal functional status.

Methods: Linear mixed effects models with follow-up time interaction terms related baseline grey matter volume and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) to functional trajectory, adjusting for demographic and medical covariates.

Syncope Following Treatment of UTI: A Case of Acute Hemolytic Anemia, Methemoglobinemia and Acute Renal Dysfunction Following Phenazopyridine Use in a Patient With G6PD Deficiency.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder which commonly affects males. It is due to a defect in the red blood cell enzyme, G6PD. Lack of G6PD makes the RBCs vulnerable to oxidant stress resulting in hemolysis.

A Case of Concurrence of Clonorchis Sinensis and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma-A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Clonorchis Sinensis, a common liver fluke, is known to cause biliary disease and can present with a wide array of symptoms. It's mostly found in Asian countries due to consumption of undercooked or raw fish. Although Cholangiocarcinoma is a known serious complication of this disease, Pancreatic neoplasms are rare and have seldom been reported.

Pseudo Hyperaldosteronism Secondary to Herbal Medicine Use.

Glycyrrhizic acid, better known as licorice, is commonly found in various food and cosmetic products. Excessive consumption is known to cause a syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess or pseudo hyperaldosteronism. Patients typically present with resistant hypertension and hypokalemia mimicking symptoms of primary hyperaldosteronism however laboratory workup will reveal low or normal levels of plasma renin and aldosterone in the serum.

Whole blood transcript and protein abundance of the vascular endothelial growth factor family relate to cognitive performance.

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of genes has been implicated in the clinical development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A previous study identified associations between gene expression of VEGF family members in the prefrontal cortex and cognitive performance and AD pathology. This study explored if those associations were also observed in the blood.

Polygenic resilience score may be sensitive to preclinical Alzheimer's disease changes.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a polygenic disorder with a long prodromal phase, making early diagnosis challenging. Twin studies estimate LOAD as 60-80% heritable, and while common genetic variants can account for 30% of this heritability, nearly 70% remains "missing". Polygenic risk scores (PRS) leverage combined effects of many loci to predict LOAD risk, but often lack sensitivity to preclinical disease changes, limiting clinical utility.

Enlarged perivascular space burden associations with arterial stiffness and cognition.

Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) are difficult to quantify, and their etiologies and consequences are poorly understood. Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants (n = 327, 73 ± 7 years) completed 3T brain MRI to quantify ePVS volume and count, longitudinal neuropsychological assessment, and cardiac MRI to quantify aortic stiffness. Linear regressions related (1) PWV to ePVS burden and (2) ePVS burden to cross-sectional and longitudinal neuropsychological performance adjusting for key demographic and medical factors.

Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Hypercortisolism in a Patient Presenting with Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with an estimated annual incidence of 0.7-2 cases per million. Most patients present with steroid hormone excess or abdominal mass effects, but 15% of patients with ACC are diagnosed incidentally.

RNASE6 is a novel modifier of APOE-ε4 effects on cognition.

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE-ε4), the strongest common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributes to worse cognition in older adults. However, many APOE-ε4 carriers remain cognitively normal throughout life, suggesting that neuroprotective factors may be present in these individuals. In this study, we leverage whole-blood RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from 324 older adults to identify genetic modifiers of APOE-ε4 effects on cognition.

Subacute Thyroiditis After Receiving Inactivated Virus Vaccine for COVID-19.

The spread of SARS-COVID 19 infection has resulted in accelerated efforts at development and dissemination of vaccines throughout the globe. These vaccines have different mechanisms of actions and their efficacy and side effects are being monitored. There have been rare reports in literature of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 vaccine administration.