Esophageal squamous papilloma: Literature review and case-control retrospective study with histopathological exam of human papillomavirus.

Background And Aim: Esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) is a benign growth in the esophagus with unknown malignant potential. The mechanism underlying ESP formation is unknown, but human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been proposed as a potential etiology. We sought to investigate the clinical characteristic of ESP in our population, review the current literature, and highlight the role of HPV.

Pediatric Appendicitis Score for Identifying Acute Appendicitis in Children Presenting With Acute Abdominal Pain to the Emergency Department.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) in predicting appendicitis in children presenting with acute abdominal pain to the Emergency Department (ED) of a private hospital in Pakistan.

Methods: This validation study was through retrospective chart review of children between 4-18 years of age with clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis, presenting to the pediatric ED. Diagnostic accuracy was determined using sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and area under the curve (AUC).

Healthcare Simulation: A Key to the Future of Medical Education - A Review.

Aim: Simulation originates from its application in the military and aviation. It is implemented at various levels of healthcare education and certification today. However, its use remains unevenly distributed across the globe due to misconception regarding its cost and complexity and to lack of evidence for its consistency and validity.