Publications by authors named "Olympia Dimopoulou"
Article Synopsis
- - The study assessed how SGLT2 inhibitors impact the risk of prostate cancer, revealing that genetic evidence suggests these inhibitors can significantly lower overall, advanced, and early-onset prostate cancer risk (odds ratio = 0.56).
- - Analysis of electronic healthcare data showed that SGLT2 inhibitors are linked to a 23% reduced risk of prostate cancer in men with diabetes (hazard ratio = 0.77).
- - The research concludes that there is substantial evidence supporting the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors against prostate cancer, suggesting that further trials are needed to explore their potential for cancer prevention.
Aims/hypothesis: Epidemiological studies have generated conflicting findings on the relationship between glucose-lowering medication use and cancer risk. Naturally occurring variation in genes encoding glucose-lowering drug targets can be used to investigate the effect of their pharmacological perturbation on cancer risk.
Methods: We developed genetic instruments for three glucose-lowering drug targets (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ [PPARG]; sulfonylurea receptor 1 [ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8 (ABCC8)]; glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor [GLP1R]) using summary genetic association data from a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in 148,726 cases and 965,732 controls in the Million Veteran Program.
Background: We aimed to map and describe the current state of Mendelian randomization (MR) literature on cancer risk and to identify associations supported by robust evidence.
Methods: We searched PubMed and Scopus up to 06/10/2020 for MR studies investigating the association of any genetically predicted risk factor with cancer risk. We categorized the reported associations based on a priori designed levels of evidence supporting a causal association into four categories, namely robust, probable, suggestive, and insufficient, based on the significance and concordance of the main MR analysis results and at least one of the MR-Egger, weighed median, MRPRESSO, and multivariable MR analyses.
Excess body weight is thought to increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa), although the biological mechanism is currently unclear. Body fatness is positively associated with a diminished cellular response to insulin and biomarkers of insulin signalling have been positively associated with PCa risk. We carried out a two-pronged systematic review of (a) the effect of reducing body fatness on insulin biomarker levels and (b) the effect of insulin biomarkers on PCa risk, to determine whether a reduction in body fatness could reduce PCa risk via effects on the insulin signalling pathway.
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