Improving food security of farming households in Nigeria: Does broiler outgrowers' program make any difference?

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of outgrowers' programs on the food security of smallholder poultry farming households in Osun State. Using multi-stage sampling technique, a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of outgrowers' programs in the study area. Descriptive statistics, food security index, and Heckman's selection model were used to analyze the data.

Factors influencing cassava farmers' choice of climate change adaption practices and its effect on cassava productivity in Nigeria.

This study examined the socio-economic factors influencing choice of climate change adaptation practices and the effects of these practices on cassava productivity in Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, structured questionnaire was used to survey 100 cassava farmers. The result was analyzed with a multivariate probit and generalized linear regression models.

Germline variants and somatic mutation signatures of breast cancer across populations of African and European ancestry in the US and Nigeria.

Somatic mutation signatures may represent footprints of genetic and environmental exposures that cause different cancer. Few studies have comprehensively examined their association with germline variants, and none in an indigenous African population. SomaticSignatures was employed to extract mutation signatures based on whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing data from female patients with breast cancer (TCGA, training set, n = 1,011; Nigerian samples, validation set, n = 170), and to estimate contributions of signatures in each sample.

Author Correction: Characterization of Nigerian breast cancer reveals prevalent homologous recombination deficiency and aggressive molecular features.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Kevin P. White with Tempus Labs, Inc.

Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) to support teaching practice: Insights from a nurse tutor program in Nigeria.

Aim: To determine the feasibility of using the Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) platform, WhatsApp, to provide supervision and support for student nurse tutors during a teaching practice placement in Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative method was used to design and evaluate a six-week WhatsApp group discussion intervention among 19 student nurse tutors. Two pre-intervention focus group sessions (n=9 and n=10) and a workshop were conducted to assess the students' content needs and media usage, and to develop a short online supervisory curriculum.

Conjunctival melanoma in Southwestern Nigeria: a case series and review of literature.

Purpose: Conjunctival melanoma is a rare tumor worldwide and is extremely rare among black population. This study aims to report the demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients seen in an indigenous black population in Southwestern Nigeria.

Methods: All patients histologically diagnosed with conjunctival melanoma and managed in the facility were reviewed.

Microsatellite Instability Is Common in Colorectal Cancer in Native Nigerians.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most common cancer in Africa, with significant differences in incidence, biology and clinical behavior from other populations.

Materials And Methods: We studied prevalence and clinicopathological features of microsatellite instability (MSI) and young onset CRC in 83 archival samples from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Results: Nigerian cases of CRC were MSI-high in 43% and MSI-high CRC had significantly lower histological heterogeneity than microsatellite-stable CRC (20% vs.

HISTOPATHOLOGIC PATTERN OF BLADDER CANCERS IN IBADAN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA: AN UPDATE.

Background: A study from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria on bladder cancers had described an increase in the frequency of urothelial carcinoma compared to the earlier reported preponderance of squamous-cell carcinoma.

Aim: To provide an update on the histopathologic pattern of bladder cancers in our community and to explore its implications for future health system policies.

Methods: The records of the Ibadan Cancer Registry from January 1997 to December 2014 were reviewed and the data analyzed for the histologic subtypes of bladder cancers diagnosed in the hospital.

HER 2 expression status in gastric carcinomas in Ibadan, Nigeria: a preliminary study using immunohistochemistry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS- Archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded gastric Adenocarcinoma tumour tissue from the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan were studied for HER 2 protein status using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS- HER 2 protein receptor status was determined in 36 cases using immunohistochemistry. The male: female ratio was 1.

The clinical effectiveness of fine needle aspiration biopsy in patients with palpable breast lesions seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria: A 10-year retrospective study.

Background: Although open surgical biopsy is the 'gold standard' for diagnosis of palpable breast lesions, in recent years two types of minimally invasive breast biopsy techniques, core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), have become established for the diagnostic evaluation of palpable breast lesions.

Aims: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of FNAB as a first line diagnostic procedure in the management of patients with breast lumps in University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, using the suggested thresholds for cytology performance as recommended by the United Kingdom National Health Services Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP).

Settings And Design: A 10-year retrospective cohort study carried out in the Pathology Department of UCH.

Lymphomas in sub-Saharan Africa--what can we learn and how can we help in improving diagnosis, managing patients and fostering translational research?

Approximately 30 000 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occur in the equatorial belt of Africa each year. Apart from the fact that Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is very common among children and adolescents in Africa and that an epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is currently ongoing in this part of the world, very little is known about lymphomas in Africa. This review provides information regarding the current infrastructure for diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among Nigerian patients with dyspepsia in Ibadan.

Introduction: Determination of the true prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is difficult in a hyper-endemic area like Nigeria with use of serological tests because of their low discriminatory power between previous and current infections. The use of biopsy based methods will go a long way to mitigate this problem.

Visual impairment from fibrous dysplasia in a middle-aged African man: a case report.

Introduction: Fibrous dysplasia is a benign tumour of the bones and is a disease of unknown aetiology. This report discusses a case of proptosis and visual deterioration with associated bony mass involving the right orbit.

Case Presentation: A 32-year-old Nigerian man of Yoruba ethnic origin presented to the eye clinic of our hospital with right-eye proptosis and visual deterioration of 7-year duration.

The autopsy: knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of doctors and relatives of the deceased.

Context: Despite the crucial role that autopsy plays in the development of the science and practice of medicine, autopsy rates have been declining throughout the world in recent decades.

Objective: To identify factors influencing the acceptance of autopsies in Nigeria.

Design: Cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of doctors and relatives of deceased patients on factors influencing acceptance of autopsy at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Correlation of cervical cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid in HIV-positive women.

The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesion is higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. These lesions when they occur in these patients are also more difficult to treat. A total of 205 consenting HIV-seropositive women were recruited.

Sinonasal paraganglioma: a case report.

Objective: To highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion and meticulous evaluation of a patient with bleeding sinonasal mass in the diagnosis of sinonasal paraganglioma.

Method: Case report of a 39-year-old female who presented with a bleeding lobulated left nasal mass necessitating multiple blood transfusions is presented.

Result: Diagnostic investigations revealed that the patient was HIV-positive (ELISA and Western blot) and a tumour histology of paraganglioma.

Temporal and biological trends in liver cancers at a University hospital in Southwest Nigeria.

The changes in incidence, sex distribution and histological profile of cancers of the liver over two decades at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, were studied. There were 1234 cases of liver cancer, consisting of 876 men and 358 women, a men to women ratio of 2.4:1, and peak age incidence was between 40 and 59 years.

Liver dysfunction in steady state sickle cell disease.

The liver is one of the organs involved in the multiorgan failure that occurs in sickle cell disease, the pathophysiology of liver disease in this condition is complex because of the interrelated multifactorial causes. Liver dysfunction was assessed in both paediatric and adult sickle cell disease patients in the steady state. The transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were analysed by automation while coagulation studies were done manually.

Usefulness of acute phase proteins for monitoring development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus carriers.

Background: Serum levels of acute phase proteins (APP) have been used to diagnose and follow up treatment of liver diseases. This study was carried out to determine the usefulness of APP to predict development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers.

Study Design: In a prospective study, serum haptoglobin, transferrin and alpha 2 macroglobulin levels of 55 subjects consisting of 20 HBV carriers, 18 HBV-positive HCC patients and 17 controls were determined using single radial immunodiffusion.