Exposure impacts of Imazapyr formulation on larval development and thyroid histology of Xenopus laevis.

There are increased concerns about the thyroidal effects of many anthropogenic substances in the environment. These substances include agricultural pesticides and industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals among others. Their potential thyroidal effects are of serious health and ecological concerns, as thyroid hormones mediate numerous physiological processes, including growth regulation, general metabolism and metamorphosis in metamorphic animals.

Exposure Impacts of Diquat dibromide herbicide formulation on amphibian larval development.

Many anthropogenic chemicals in general, and specifically aquatic herbicide formulations have the potential to modulate the thyroid pathways of the endocrine system of aquatic organisms, because they are normally applied directly into the aquatic system, to manage aquatic weeds. These thyroidal effects have been widely linked with disruption in developmental and reproductive processes. In fact, the exposure impacts of many of these substances on metamorphic organisms could produce a precocious metamorphosis.

Lethal and Teratogenic Impacts of Imazapyr, Diquat Dibromide, and Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide Formulations Using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX).

Globally, amphibians are experiencing widespread abnormalities and population declines. One potential contributor to these challenges is the use of pesticides, particularly aquatic herbicides applied to aquatic habitats inhabited by amphibians. Critical issues of concern are the potential toxicity and teratogenicity of these herbicides towards amphibians.