QuEChERS-based analysis and ecotoxicological risk of select antibiotics in dumpsite leachates, hospital wastewater and effluent receiving water in Ibadan, Nigeria.

There is currently a dearth of information on the determination, occurrence and ecotoxicological risk of antibiotics in dumpsite leachates and hospital wastewater in Africa. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) protocol which combines extraction and clean-up in one step was optimized for the determination of antibiotics sulfadoxine, sulfamethazine and trimethoprim in dumpsite leachates and hospital wastewater. The occurrence and ecotoxicological risk of target antibiotics were investigated in wastewater from two hospitals, effluent receiving water and leachates from three dumpsites in Ibadan, Nigeria.