Chemical analysis of Alliin-Rich (Garlic) extract and its safety evaluation in .

Garlic () has been traditionally valued for its medicinal properties attributed to the presence of organosulfur compounds. Despite its benefits, concerns about herbal extract toxicity have arisen, necessitating safety assessment This study was designed to evaluate the chemical analysis and safety profile of Alliin-Rich Garlic Extract (ARGE) using as a model organism. The ARGE was extracted from garlic cloves ( Linn: UIH-23262) using a microwave-assisted method and characterized using UPLC-ESI-MS, H NMR, HPLC and IR.

Investigation of the antimycobacterial activity of African medicinal plants combined with chemometric analysis to identify potential leads.

The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is a threat to global health necessitating the discovery of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Natural products drug discovery, which previously led to the discovery of rifamycins, is a valuable approach in this endeavor. Against this backdrop, we set out to investigate the in vitro antimycobacterial properties of medicinal plants from Ghana and South Africa, evaluating 36 extracts and their 252 corresponding solid phase extraction (SPE) generated fractions primarily against the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium aurum species.

Mechanism of antimalarial action and mitigation of infection-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by phyto-constituents of Andrographis paniculata ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Andrographis paniculata (AP) ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) is a medicinal plant, documented for its folkloric use in the treatment of malaria.

Metabolomics and bioactivities studies of fermented pulp: A potential alpha-amylase inhibitor.

The synthesis of bio-compounds via fermentation is a promising route for bioactive molecules intended for disease control and management. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of fermentation on the antioxidants, antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties and the resultant chemometric phytochemical profiles of unripe plantain fruits. The results revealed that and spp.

In vitro effects of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol purified from Alstonia boonei on erythrocyte membrane stabilization and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.

A recent review on the ethnomedicinal, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of Alstonia boonei revealed the plant's potential in the treatment and management of a range of diseases. However, most of these pharmacological effects are only traceable to the crude form of the plant extract and not specific natural products. Phytochemical investigation of the methanol fraction of the methanol extract of the stem-bark of Alstonia boonei led to the isolation and identification of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol.

Effect of Different Climatic Regions and Seasonal Variation on the Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity, and Chemical Profile of Sch. Bip.

Native South Africans make use of Sch. Bip. extracts for the treatment of a variety of infections and they are important in traditional medicinal preparations.

New Alk(en)ylhydroxycyclohexanes with Tyrosinase Inhibition Potential from Bernh. Gum Exudate.

This work presents the first report on the phytochemical investigation of Bernh. gum exudate. A known cardanol, 3-heptadec-12'--enyl phenol () and three new alk(en)ylhydroxycyclohexanes, namely, (1,3)-1,3-dihydroxy-3-[heptadec-12'()-enyl]cyclohexane () (1,2,345)-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxy-5-[octadec-13'()-enyl]cyclohexane () and (1,2,4)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-4-[heptadec-12'()-enyl]cyclohexane () were isolated from the gum.

H-NMR and LC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of Potato ( L.) Cultivars Irrigated with Fly Ash Treated Acid Mine Drainage.

H NMR and LC-MS, commonly used metabolomics analytical platforms, were used to annotate the metabolites found in potato ( L.) irrigated with four different treatments based on FA to AMD ratios, namely: control (0% AMD; tap water), 1:1 (50% AMD), 3:1 (75% AMD is 75% FA: AMD), and 100% AMD (untreated). The effects of stress on plants were illustrated by the primary metabolite shifts in the region from δ 0.

Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Activities of Terpenoids and Flavonols from (Oliv.) P.J.H. Hurter.

(knob thorn) is a deciduous tree distributed in savannah regions from Tanzania to South Africa used for timber but also medicinally for the treatment of convulsions, wounds, and skin problems. In this study, the biological activities of six phytocompounds, namely: 3 -hydroxy-20(29)-en-lupan-30-al (), 30-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3 -ol (), -kaur-15-en-18,20-diol (), melanoxetin (), quercetin () and quercetin-3--methyl ether (), isolated from were investigated. The compounds were screened against two bacterial ( and ) and one fungal () strain and were also tested for their cytotoxicity on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and normal murine macrophage (RAW 264.

Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of a C-terpene dilactone isolated from the endophytic fungus Neofusicoccum luteum of Kigelia africana (Lam.).

Fungal endophytes have the capacity to biosynthesize secondary metabolites that are produced by their host plants. In this study, a dilactone terpenoid of C architecture was isolated from the fungal endophytes of Kigelia africana, in our attempt to identify anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolites. Thirty-eight fungal isolates were cultured for biomolecule production over a period of thirty days.

Medicinal plants with anti-SARS-CoV activity repurposing for treatment of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) has emerged as a significant threat to public health with startling drawbacks in all sectors globally. This study investigates the practicality of some medicinal plants for SARS-CoV-2 therapy using a systematic review and meta-analysis of their reported SARS-CoV-1 inhibitory potencies. Relevant data were systematically gathered from three databases, , Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus.

Terpene-rich fractions of Ficus mucoso (Welw) modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators and aberrant permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in murine animal model.

Ficus mucoso is traditionally used to treat bronchial infections. This study compared the efficacy of terpene-rich fractions of F. mucoso root bark on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation, liver mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), an index of mitochondrial health, and associated pathological alterations.

Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of the n-Hexane Fraction of Stem Bark in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rats.

Background: Inflammation is a protective response of the host to infections and tissue damage and medicinal plants have been used to regulate inflammatory response. The phytochemical contents of the -hexane fraction of and their anti-inflammatory potentials in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were investigated in rat liver.

Materials And Methods: A quantity of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in twenty-five male Wistar rats, grouped (n = 5) and treated as follows: negative control (10 mL/kg saline), positive control (1 mg/kg ibuprofen); 50, 100 and 20 mg/kg of the -hexane fraction of were administered to test groups.

Comparative antimalarial, toxicity and mito-protective effects of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. and Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC.

Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological significance of the genus Bulbine (Asphodelaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The genus Bulbine (Asphodelaceae) is spread across Southern Africa and Australia and has been traditionally used for various medicinal applications such as treating skin diseases, burns, diarrhoea, and sexually transmitted diseases.

Aim Of This Review: The aim is to present a critical review of the ethnomedicinally important species of the genus Bulbine with a comprehensive overview of their chemical constituents and biological activities.

Materials And Methods: This paper is an overview of literature published on the genus Bulbine in the last six decades with regards to phytochemical composition and their respective pharmacological potentials with the aid of data obtained from the search engine Google Scholar with string searches performed using keywords to obtain relevant publications from scientific databases including ACS Journals, PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, Sci Finder, Springer, Tailor & Francis, The Plant List Database, Web of Science and Wiley.

Clean technology for synchronous sequestration of charged organic micro-pollutant onto microwave-assisted hybrid clay materials.

The Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG #6) of the United Nations (UN) is hinged on the provision, availability, and sustainability of water for the global populace by 2030. In a bid to achieve this goal, the quest to seek for ubiquitous and low-cost adsorbents to treat effluents laden with industrial dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), is on the increase in recent years. Acute exposure of humans to (MB) dye causes cyanosis, necrosis, and jaundice and even leads to death.

Visible-Light-Mediated Photodynamic Water Disinfection @ Bimetallic-Doped Hybrid Clay Nanocomposites.

This study reports a new class of photocatalytic hybrid clay nanocomposites prepared from low-cost sources (kaolinite clay and seeds) doped with Zn and Cu salts via a solvothermal process. X-ray diffraction analysis suggests that Cu-doping and Cu/Zn-doping introduce new phases into the crystalline structure of Kaolinite clay, which is linked to the reduced band gap of kaolinite from typically between 4.9 and 8.

Quorum sensing inhibitory potential and in silico molecular docking of flavonoids and novel terpenoids from Senegalia nigrescens.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Senegalia nigrescens is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of dysentery and convulsions.

Aims Of The Study: This study was aimed at identifying bioactive compounds from S. nigrescens and carrying out in vitro and in silico anti-quorum sensing studies on the compounds.

A dual-purpose silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Detarium microcarpum: An under-utilized species.

The need for green synthesis of emerging industrial materials has led to the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants to circumvent the adverse by-products of chemical synthesis. In this study, the leaf extract of Detarium mirocarpum Guill & Perr, a small tree belonging to the family Fabaceae (Legume), was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (DAgNPs). DAgNPs were characterized using spectroscopic techniques (Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) which showed hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups to be responsible for their synthesis.

Phytochemical Analysis with Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Studies of the Bioactive Principles from Zanthoxylum capense (Small Knobwood).

Background: Zanthoxylum capense (small knobwood) is a South African species known for a wide range of anecdotal uses. However, there is a dearth of information on its phytoconstitutional make-up, specifically its knobs, with only a few reports on the bioactive compounds that could justify its ethnomedicinal use.

Objectives: This work aimed to identify the active principles in Z.