Ocular and Adnexal Diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women Attending HIV Clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus. It is transmitted through sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drugs, contaminated needle use, blood transfusion, and mother-to-child transmission. Of the patients with HIV, 50%-75% have ocular manifestations and this may be the primary presentation.

Functional Vision of Pseudophakic Children Attending a Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic in Southwest Nigeria.

Purpose: To determine the functional vision of pseudophakic children attending a child eye health tertiary facility in southwest Nigeria.

Methods: A hospital-based descriptive study of pseudophakic children attending the Pediatric Ophthalmology outpatient clinic of a tertiary facility in southwest Nigeria was conducted between June and November 2021. Details of demography and clinical examination findings were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Burden and clinical profile of genetic eye diseases in children in Nigeria: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Introduction: ophthalmic genetics is rapidly evolving globally but is still nascent in much of sub-Saharan Africa, with gaps in knowledge about the burden in the region. This study evaluated the burden and manifestations of genetic eye diseases in children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods: this was a hospital-based cross-sectional study in which new and follow-up paediatric eye clinic patients were recruited consecutively at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Nigerian parents' perspectives on genetic testing in their children with genetic eye diseases.

The decision for genetic testing in children is usually taken by their parents or caregivers, and may be influenced by sociocultural and ethical concerns. This study evaluateds the perspectives of Nigerian parents towards genetic testing of their children with genetic eye diseases parental willingness for genetic testing in their children, and its determinants, in a hospital setting in Nigeria. This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at the Eye clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Survey of Blindness in Saki East, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Background: This survey was undertaken in a rural local government area (LGA) where eye care services recently commenced, with no known previous data on blindness or visual impairment.

Aim And Objectives: The aim was to generate evidence for further planning and monitoring of the on-going eye care program. The objectives included determination of the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, causes of blindness and visual impairment, and assessment of cataract services and barriers to cataract surgery uptake.

Visual Outcome of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the 1-year outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in an eye unit in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methodology: This retrospective study included 182 eyes of 172 patients managed in the vitreoretinal unit between 2016 and 2019 who were treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.

A systematic review of cases of West African crystalline maculopathy.

Aim: West African crystalline maculopathy (WACM) is, reportedly, a rare condition whose aetiology remains unclear. This study aims to describe the epidemiology, summarizing the identified risk factors and clinical characteristics of cases of WACM, with the goal of highlighting presentation patterns and the clinical course of the condition.

Methods: A comprehensive PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, OMIM and Google scholar search of all articles written in English, and non-English language articles with abstract translated to English on WACM was carried out.

Strengthening retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment services in Nigeria: a case study of activities, challenges and outcomes 2017-2020.

Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will become a major cause of blindness in Nigerian children unless screening and treatment services expand. This article aims to describe the collaborative activities undertaken to improve services for ROP between 2017 and 2020 as well as the outcome of these activities in Nigeria.

Design: Descriptive case study.

Macular diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Retina diseases including the diseases of the macular are underreported in developing countries of sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria.

Method: A retrospective review of retinal register of cases presenting to the retinal clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan within 4 years (December 2015, to November 2019). Demographics and clinical data of all patients with macula diseases were retrieved.

Is primary open-angle glaucoma a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy?

Purpose: To compare the prevalences of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients, with and without primary open-angle glaucoma, with a view to determine if glaucoma is a risk factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Cross-sectional, comparative study consisting of 86 diabetic patients with glaucoma matched with 86 diabetic patients without glaucoma. The two groups were matched by age, sex and duration of diabetes mellitus.

UTILIZATION OF EYE CARE SERVICES AMONG STUDENTS ATTENDING SCHOOLS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED IN OYO STATE, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA.

Background: Vision screening and detection of ophthalmic disorders in hearingimpaired individuals is important to optimise their visual function and therefore, their quality of life.

Objective: To determine the utilisation of eye care services among students attending schools for the hearing impaired in Oyo State, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among hearingimpaired students aged 11 years and above.

Two cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's (VKH) disease has been reported to be rare in sub-Saharan Africa. Two Nigerians with the disease are presented in this report. The first patient, a 32-year-old pregnant Nigerian woman presented with a 1-month history of bilateral blurring of vision, persistent headache, and alopecia.

Clinical presentation and visual status of retinitis pigmentosa patients: a multicenter study in southwestern Nigeria.

Background: To review the visual status and clinical presentation of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methodology: Multicenter, retrospective, and analytical review was conducted of the visual status and clinical characteristics of patients with RP at first presentation from January 2007 to December 2011. Main outcome measure was the World Health Organization's visual status classification in relation to sex and age at presentation.

BARRIERS TO AN EFFECTIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SERVICE IN IBADAN, NIGERIA (SUB -SAHARAN AFRICA) - A PILOT QUALITATIVE STUDY.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is an increasing cause of blindness. The prevalence of retinopathy in hospital attending diabetics in Ibadan is reported to be 42 %. This study assessed the barriers identified by patients and service providers to delivering good services for diabetic retinopathy in Ibadan, Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy in a pregnant Nigerian woman.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is an idiopathic condition characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina in the macular region. It is relatively uncommon in Africans and though pregnancy is a known risk factor, there are no previous reports of CSCR in pregnant African women. We report the case of a 35-year-old pregnant woman who presented to our clinic at gestational age of 29 weeks with a 4 months history of blurring of vision in her left eye.

Chloroquine retinopathy: pattern of presentation in Ibadan, Sub-Sahara Africa.

BackgroundSelf-medication with chloroquine is common in Ibadan, Sub-Sahara Africa. Retinopathy from chloroquine is not uncommon. The aim was to determine the pattern of presentation.

Mobile phones for retinopathy of prematurity screening in Lagos, Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), thought to be rare in Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa, has been reported in recent studies. Developing cost-effective screening is crucial for detecting retinal changes amenable to treatment. This study describes the use of an iPhone combined with a 20-D lens in screening for ROP in Lagos, Nigeria.

Quality of life in patients with visual impairment in Ibadan: a clinical study in primary care.

Background: Visual function is important for optimal orientation in functional and social life, and has an effect on physical and emotional well-being. Visual impairment, therefore, leads to restrictions in all aspects of daily living and is related to quality of life. The aim of this study was to provide information on the causes of visual impairment in patients presenting to their family physician, the spectrum of impairment, and its impact on quality of life for these patients.

Pattern of presentation of idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy is an abnormal choroidal vascular pathology similar to age-related macular degeneration. It may present with sudden visual loss from hemorrhagic retinal pigment epithelial detachment and breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage or with chronic recurrent episodes. The condition is not uncommon in the retina clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Scleral buckling for retinal detachment in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa: anatomical and visual outcome.

Background: Scleral buckle surgery is not a commonly performed surgical procedure in Sub-Saharan Africa due to a paucity of trained vitreo retinal surgeons. The aim of the study was to review sclera buckle procedures with a view to evaluating the anatomical and visual outcomes.

Methods: Case records of patients that had scleral buckle surgery at the Retina Unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2007 and 2010 were reviewed.

Stargadt's disease in two Nigerian siblings.

Stargardt's disease is an inherited macular dystrophy that is transmitted in an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern. The disorder is typically characterized by impairment of central vision, with onset around the first 10-20 years of life. Stargardt's disease is rare in sub-Saharan Africa.

Tuberculous uveitis.

Tuberculous uveitis is an underdiagnosed form of uveitis. Absence of pulmonary signs and symptoms does not rule out the disease. In an era of reduced immunity from human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the disease is becoming more prevalent.

Is age-related macular degeneration a problem in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa?

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered uncommon in black populations including those of Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this review was to determine the pattern of presentation of AMD in our hospital located in Ibadan, the largest city in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: A retrospective review of all cases with AMD presenting to the Eye and Retinal Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, West Africa was undertaken between October 2007 and September 2010.