Publications by authors named "Olugbenga A. Olowe"

Article Synopsis
  • This study examined the genomic characteristics and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria during its first and second outbreaks.
  • Researchers used whole genome sequencing to identify different variants and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships.
  • Four main variants were found, with Alpha being the most common, indicating the possibility of multiple virus introductions and potential for more aggressive variants to emerge.
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Background: Infections caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) result in significant economic losses in poultry industry. APEC strains are known to form biofilms in various conditions allowing them to thrive even under harsh and nutrient-deficient conditions on different surfaces, and this ability enables them to evade chemical and biological eradication methods. Despite knowing the whole genome sequences of various APEC isolates, little has been reported regarding their biofilm-associated genes.

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This study investigated the genetic diversity of among asymptomatic pregnant women on intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-Sp) in Osogbo, southwest Nigeria. Blood sample was obtained from consenting pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed to diagnose and analyse genetic diversity.

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Introduction: is a major pathogen implicated in healthcare-associated infections. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing isolates are a public health concern. This study investigated the existence of some ESBL and carbapenemase genes among clinical isolates of in Southwest Nigeria and additionally determined their circulating clones.

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Sodium benzoate (NaB) is a versatile food preservative that has also found some applications in the treatment of medical disorders. However, till date, its possible widespread effects on the body are not well studied. We examined the likely effect of diet-added NaB on weight/food intake, haematological parameters, neurobehaviour, antioxidant status, lipid profile and anti-inflammatory/apoptotic markers in mice.

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Background: Organismal aging has been associated with deleterious effects in different body tissues and organs, including the brain. There have been reports from ancient medicinal scripts of the beneficial effects of nuts like hazelnut in preventing aging induced-brain atrophy and memory loss.

Objectives: This study examined the potential beneficial effects of a diet supplemented with two different (Italian and Turkish) cultivars of hazelnut on the brain of aged mice.

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Cucumeropsis mannii (CM) belongs to the melon family and is native to West Africa. There is a paucity of information on its medicinal or nutraceutical potential. Here, we examined the impact of CM in mice that were treated with a normal or a high fat diet (HFD).

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Objective: This study investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis (AEFC) by bio-guided fractionation.

Methods: The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of AEFC (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg, i.p) were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, tail-flick, formalin tests, and carrageenan- induced paw edema, respectively.

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Objectives: Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is a dough enhancer currently used as a replacement for potassium bromate in the process of bread-making in countries such as Nigeria. However, comprehensive information on the toxicological profile of ADA is not readily available. The present study investigated the toxicological effects of ADA in rats.

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Background: Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production in gram negative bacteria confers multiple antibiotic resistance, adversely affecting antimicrobial therapy in infected individuals. ESBLs result from mutations in β-lactamases encoded mainly by the bla,bla and bla genes. The prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria has been on the increase globally, especially its upsurge among isolates from community-acquired infections has been observed.

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Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains are emerging globally in both humans and animals. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL screening were performed on pure cultures of 216 isolates from human and animal fecal samples as well as beef. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of resistance genes.

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Background: The development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a considerable threat to tuberculosis control programmes in Nigeria. There is an increase in the prevalence of MDR-TB worldwide both among new tuberculosis cases as well as previously-treated ones. There is also a rise in transmission of resistant strains due to an increase in MDR-TB patients largely due to the poor drug compliance and the impact of Human immunodeficiency virus infection.

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Background: Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) is a ubiquitous opportunistic organism that poses threat to the management of infections globally.

Objectives: The objectives of the current research were to assess the antibiotic resistance profiles as well as Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa associated with wound infections.

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Melatonin is a multifunctional signalling molecule that is secreted by the mammalian pineal gland, and also found in a number of organisms including plants and bacteria. Research has continued to uncover an ever-increasing number of processes in which melatonin is known to play crucial roles in mammals. Amongst these functions is its contribution to cell multiplication, differentiation and survival in the brain.

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Background: and soil transmitted helminth (STHs) infection are widespread in sub-Sahara Africa, where co-infection is also common. This study assessed the prevalence of these infections and their risk factors among pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria.

Methods: A total of 200 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were recruited.

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The use of vancomycin for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA strains has resulted in emergence of vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) in clinical settings. Following our previous report of phenotypic VRSA in Nigeria, the current study attempts to determine the genetic basis underlying this resistance. Over a period of 6 months, non-duplicate clinical isolates from 73 consecutive patients with infective conditions at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo were tested against a panel of eight selected antibiotics by disk diffusion test.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease globally with its impact more dramatic in resource limited settings. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who also develop tuberculosis represent a significant challenge to TB control. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of TB-HIV coinfection and pattern of infection among TB patients.

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Background: Efforts to curb the spread of HIV transmission through transfusion of blood and its products is still a problem because of challenge in countries using antibody-based rapid methods to detect infection during window period. Transmission of HIV through infected blood and its products accounts for approximately 10% in African region.

Methods: This study analyzed true negativity of HIV infection in blood donors screened by ELISA test based on p24 core antigen detection.

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Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli in animals and different methods of identifications from Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, were investigated. Three hundred and fifty fecal samples, collected from apparently healthy cattle and pigs, were cultured and identified following standard procedures.

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The management of genitourinary candidiasis (GC) is fraught with challenges, especially, in an era of increasing antifungal resistance. This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between May 2013 and January 2014 determined the prevalence and characteristics of GC and the species of Candida among 369 attendees of a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinic of Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Appropriate urogenital specimen collected from each attendee was examined by microscopy and culture for Candida, with preliminary species identification by CHROMAgar Candida and confirmation by Analytical Profile Index (API) 20C AUX.

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Vaginal infections in pregnancy are associated with considerable discomfort and adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm delivery, low birth weight and increased infant mortality and also predisposition to HIV/AIDS. This study evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis among women attending antenatal clinic at a hospital in Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered and high vaginal swab samples were obtained from consenting pregnant women.

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Purpose: To characterize the prevalence of hemolytic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) with a multidrug-resistant pattern in different age groups in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Methods: Nonrepetitive E. coli isolates were collected from 202 subjects with or without evidence of diarrhea.

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This study compares the performance of clinical diagnosis and three laboratory diagnostic methods (thick film microscopy (TFM), rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria. Using clinical criteria, 217 children were recruited into the study out of which 106 (48.8%) were positive by TFM, 84 (38.

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Background: Escherichia coli have become the enterobacteriaceae species most affected by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in view of the emergence of CTX-M-type ESBLs. These CTX-M-positive E. coli have been reported in numerous regions worldwide.

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Introduction: The characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus differs according to geographical regions and in relation to antibiotic usage. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of the prevalent S. aureus from Ekiti State, Nigeria, and to evaluate three commonly used disk diffusion methods (cefoxitin, oxacillin, and methicillin) for the detection of methicillin resistance in comparison with mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction.

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