Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. seed extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced amnesia through increase in antioxidant defense mechanisms and cholinergic neurotransmission.

Decline in cholinergic function and oxidative/nitrosative stress play a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous quantitative HPLC profiling analysis has revealed the presence of Pinostrobin, formononetin, vitexin and other neuroprotective flavonoids in Cajanus cajan seed extract. This study was designed to investigate the protective action of Cajanus cajan ethanol seed extract (CC) on learning and memory functions using scopolamine mouse model of amnesia.

Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp seeds extract prevents rotenone-induced motor- and non-motor features of Parkinson disease in mice: Insight into mechanisms of neuroprotection.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp (Fabaceae) seed decoction is used by traditional healers in Nigeria as nerve tonic, hence, could be beneficial in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disease that imposes great burden on the healthcare system globally.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effect of ethanol seed extract of Cajanus cajan (CC) in the treatment of rotenone-induced motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms associated with PD.

Materials And Methods: To assess the protective action of CC on rotenone-induced motor- and non-motor symptoms of PD, mice were first pretreated with CC (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.

Glimepiride Prevents 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Induced Dopamine Neurons Degeneration Through Attenuation of Glia Activation and Oxidative Stress in Mice.

It is well established that there is a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease (PD) evidenced in faster progression and more severe phenotype in patients living with diabetes suggestive of shared cellular pathways; hence, antidiabetic drugs could be a possible treatment options for disease modification. This study evaluated the effect of glimepiride (GMP), a third generation sulphonylurea, on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD in mice. Sixty mice were divided randomly into six individual groups of 10 mice each and dose orally as follows: group 1: vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.

Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like actions of Cajanus cajan seed extract mediated through monoaminergic, nitric oxide-cyclic GMP and GABAergic pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The seeds of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp, are used in Traditional medicine for the treatment of anxiety and other neurological disorders. Hence, this study is designed to investigate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like properties of ethanol seed extract of Cajanus cajan (CC) in mice.

Materials And Methods: CC (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.

Probable mechanisms involved in the antiepileptic activity of Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker (Labiatae) leaf extract in mice exposed to chemical-induced seizures.

The leaves of Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker (Labiatae) are used as a dietary legume supplement and applied ethnomedicinally for the management of epilepsy, convulsion, and spasms. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Clerodendrum polycephalum (CP) leaf extract on chemical-induced seizures in mice and the possible mechanisms of action. Swiss albino mice were pretreated with CP (50, 100, or 500 mg/kg, p.

Potentials of autophagy enhancing natural products in the treatment of Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons and disruption of degradation signaling leading to the formation of Lewy bodies (aggregation of α-synuclein). Presently, there are no disease modifying therapy for PD despite improvement in the understanding of the disease pathogenesis. However, the drugs currently used in PD management provide symptomatic relieve for motor symptoms without significant improvement in non-motor complications, thus, a public health burden on caregivers and healthcare systems.

Monoaminergic system involvement in the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like properties of novel β-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene alkaloid and triterpenes isolated from Gymnosporia heterophylla aerial parts in mice.

Gymnosporia heterophylla (synonym Maytenus) is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of various illness including neurological diseases. This study presents the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of novel bioactive constituents; 3,4-seco-1-hydroxy-21-oxoolean-3,11-olide (A2), 1β,2β-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-6α-nicotinoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (A5) as well as known 3-acetoxy-1β-hydroxyLupe-20(29)-ene (selective COX-2; A4) from the aerial parts of G. heterophylla.

Impact of environmental toxicants exposure on gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a major public health challenge as many of the current drugs used in its management provide symptomatic relieve without preventing the underlying cause of the neurodegeneration. Similarly, the non-motor complications of PD, especially the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disturbance increases the disease burden on both the PD patient and caregivers. Different theories have been postulated regarding the mechanisms or pathways involved in PD pathology but gut-brain axis involvement has gained much more momentum.

Kolaviron ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety and depression: involvement of the HPA axis, antioxidant defense system, cholinergic, and BDNF signaling.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the beneficial effect of kolaviron (KV) (a biflavonoid) isolated from seed on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior.

Methods: Male albino mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8) as follows; Group I: vehicle-control unstressed; Group II: CUMS-control; Group III-V: CUMS + KV 1, 5 or 50 mg/kg, respectively, Group VI: KV (50 mg/kg, p.o.

Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) downregulates expression of immediate early genes in kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice.

Objectives: This study investigates the influence of (CF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced immediate early genes (IEGs) associated with hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in mice.

Methods: Animals were randomly divided into preventive treatment; vehicle (10 mL/kg, p.o.

Prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced experimental psychosis in mice by the neuroactive flavonoid, hesperidin: The role of oxidative and cholinergic mechanisms.

Currently, prevailing evidence have identified cholinergic and oxidative pathways as important therapeutic targets for abating ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of hesperidin, a naturally occurring antioxidant and neuroprotective flavonoid, to prevent and reverse ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and changes in cholinergic, oxidative and nitrergic status in mice. Forty-eight male Swiss mice were allotted into the preventive and reversal studies with 4 groups (n = 6) each.

Potentials of autophagy enhancing natural products in the treatment of Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons and disruption of degradation signaling leading to the formation of Lewy bodies (aggregation of α-synuclein). Presently, there are no disease modifying therapy for PD despite improvement in the understanding of the disease pathogenesis. However, the drugs currently used in PD management provide symptomatic relieve for motor symptoms without significant improvement in non-motor complications, thus, a public health burden on caregivers and healthcare systems.

Vinpocetine prevents haloperidol-induced cognitive and working memory deficits through attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress in mice.

Vinpocetine has been shown to protect against degenerative senile cerebral dysfunction via enhancement of cerebral blood flow, cognition and neuroprotective action. This study sought to investigate the protective effect of vinpocetine against haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice. Vinpocetine (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, p.

Involvement of GABAergic and nitrergic systems in the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of : its interaction with anxiolytic-hypnotics.

Objectives: Concurrent use of herbs with drugs have become a major healthcare problem. Herb-drug interactions could lead to therapeutic failure or toxicity. Hence, this study seeks to evaluate the impact of combining rhizome (CL) with selected anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs.

Rutin ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments through enhancement of antioxidant defense system and cholinergic signaling.

Objectives The brain's cholinergic system occupies a central role in normal cognition and age-related cognitive decline, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study sought to investigate the role of antioxidant defense and cholinergic systems on rutin-induced antiamnesia in mice. Methods Rutin (1, 5, or 50 mg/kg, p.

Novel potential of metformin on valproic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder in rats: involvement of antioxidant defence system.

Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to increase the risk of autism in children. This study examined the effect of metformin on VPA-induced autism spectrum disorders in rats. Pregnant albino rats administered VPA (500 mg/kg, i.

Evaluation of the toxicity potential of acute and sub-acute exposure to the aqueous root extract of Aristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae) is used traditionally in Nigeria for managing a number of ailments including gastrointestinal disturbances, rheumatoid arthritis, pile, insomnia, oedema, and snake bite venom. Some studies in our laboratory have demonstrated a scientific justification for some of such uses.

Ameliorative influence of Cnestis ferruginea vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) root extract on kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice: Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Unlabelled: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: the root decoction of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various ailments including pain, inflammation and epilepsy. We have earlier reported anticonvulsant effect of Cnestis ferruginea root extract in mice.

Aim Of The Study: to evaluate the effect of ethanolic root extract of Cnestis ferruginea (CF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in mice as well as the involvement of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.

Cortico-hippocampal memory enhancing activity of hesperetin on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice: role of antioxidant defense system, cholinergic neurotransmission and expression of BDNF.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age related neurodegenerative disease causing severe cognitive and memory decline in elderly people. Flavonoids play neuroprotective role by inhibiting and/or modifying the self-assembly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau peptide into oligomers and fibrils. This study sought to investigate the effect of hesperetin (HPT) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice.

Isorhamnetin enhanced cortico-hippocampal learning and memory capability in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia: Role of antioxidant defense, cholinergic and BDNF signaling.

Isorhamnetin (IRN), a 3'-O-methylated metabolite of quercetin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. In this study, we investigated the learning and memory enhancing effects of IRN on spatial and non-spatial learning and memory deficits induced by scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p; muscarinic antagonist) using the novel object recognition test (NORT) and Morris water maze (MWM) task.

Glimepiride prevents paraquat-induced Parkinsonism in mice: involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

There is a growing number of epidemiological and molecular studies which suggest that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, in this study, the effect of glimepiride (GPD), a sulphonylurea (antidiabetic) on paraquat (PQT)-induced Parkinsonism was evaluated in mice. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6) and treated orally for 21 consecutive days as follows: Group 1: vehicle (10 mL/kg), Group 2: PQT (10 mg/kg, i.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract.

Background Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) is used in traditional African Medicine for the treatment of headache, abdominal pain, and rheumatism. Hence, this study sought to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of T.

Investigation of Antidepressant, Anxiolytic and Sedative Activities of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Musa sapientum Linn. (Banana; Musaceae).

Background: Linn. (Musaceae) is used in traditional African medicine in the management of mental disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate the central nervous system activities of the aqueous leaf extract of (MS) MATERIALS AND METHODS: MS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, .

Alterations of haemodynamic parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats by A Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae).

Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae (AR) is used traditionally in Nigeria for the management of various disorders including oedema. Preliminary investigation revealed its modulatory effect on the cardiovascular system.