Improving access to pediatric hydrocephalus care for all: the role of maternal health literacy and socioeconomic status.

Objective: Limited research has addressed the barriers impeding access to surgical care for pediatric patients with hydrocephalus. To identify priorities for enhancing access to pediatric hydrocephalus surgical care and to address healthcare disparities, it is essential to understand the level of access to care and the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal health literacy. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the level of access to surgical care; determine the frequency of more than a 2-week delay in seeking, reaching, and receiving care; and investigate the influence of parental SES and maternal health literacy on these delays.

Spontaneous Surgical Intracranial Haemorrhages Associated with SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Case Report.

Spontaneous surgical acute and chronic intracranial haemorrhage in patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection is a theoretical possibility. We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that was associated with spontaneous surgical acute and chronic intracranial haemorrhage. The two patients had successful surgical intervention.

Impact of inflammatory cell ratio, biomarkers, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time on chronic subdural haematoma severity and outcome.

Introduction: Chronic subdural haematoma (CSH) has multifactorial mechanisms involved in its development and progression. Identifying readily available inflammatory and coagulation indices that can predict the prognosis of CSH will help in clinical care, prognosis, generating objective criteria for assessing efficacy of treatment strategies and comparisons of treatment efficacy between clinical studies. We conducted a study in which we evaluated the impact value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), inflammatory biomarkers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) at presentation on CSH severity and outcome using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), Markwalder grading scale (MGS) and Lagos brain disability examination scale (LABDES).

Multiple Skipped Craniospinal Arteriovenous Malformations Complicated with Hydrocephalus and Syringomyelia.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can occur within the intracranial or spinal region. When AVMs occur within the central nervous system, they are usually solitary. Central nervous system AVMs are known to be more common within the intracranial compartment when compared with the spinal region.

Road Traffic Injury in Lagos, Nigeria: Assessing Prehospital Care.

Unlabelled: Introduction Injuries are the third most important cause of overall deaths globally with one-quarter resulting from road traffic crashes. Majority of these deaths occur before arrival in the hospital and can be reduced with prompt and efficient prehospital care. The aim of this study was to highlight the burden of road traffic injury (RTI) in Lagos, Nigeria and assess the effectiveness of prehospital care, especially the role of Lagos State Ambulance Service (LASAMBUS) in providing initial care and transportation of the injured to the hospital.

Pituitary gland trauma in fatal nonsurgical closed traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic injury to pituitary gland can lead to significant endocrine dysfunctions. The aim of this study is to define the frequency of pituitary gland injury in patients with fatal nonsurgical closed traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to correlate if any, the type of craniocerebral injury associated with the pituitary gland injury.

Methods: The study is a prospective autopsy review of 30 adult patients with fatal closed TBI.

Relationship between demography, etiology, level of consciousness, and outcome of surgical intracranial suppurations of bacterial origin in a tropical tertiary center.

Introduction: Intracranial suppurations (ICS) of bacterial origin are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to review demography, etiology, level of consciousness, and outcome of surgical ICS in a tropical tertiary hospital.

Materials And Methods: All patients admitted to the neurosurgical unit within the study period of 7 years that had a surgical intervention for their ICS were prospectively included in the study.

Giant Solitary Anterior Cervical Canal Neurofibroma: Case Report and Surgical Technique.

Giant solitary anterior cervical canal neurofibroma (GSACCN) is rarely reported in the literature. When the large lesion is ventrally located to the spinal cord, an anterolateral approach may not be ideal due to various technical challenges. In this report, we describe a case of intradural extramedullary GSACCN located at the cervical region extending from the axis to the sixth cervical vertebrae.

Morphometry, asymmetry and variations of the sylvian fissure and sulci bordering and within the pars triangularis and pars operculum: an autopsy study.

Objective: Speech and Language, one of the most lateralized of all cerebral functions is located within the pars opercularis (PO) and pars triangularis (PT). There is also inter-hemispheric variability of the sulcal contours bordering these areas. The study was undertaken to note the morphometry, asymmetry and variations of the Sylvian fissure (SF), and the sulci bordering and within the PO and PT.

Demography, types, outcome and relationship of surgically treated intracranial suppuration complicating chronic suppurative otitis media and bacterial rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: Surgically treated intracranial suppurations (ICS) are uncommon, life-threatening neurosurgical emergencies. They can result from complication of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and bacterial rhinosinusitis (BRS). The objective of this study was to know the frequency of BRS and CSOM and relate it to its rare complication of surgically treated ICS while also describing the demography, type and outcome of ICS that resulted from BRS and CSOM.

Caval variations in neurologically diseased patients.

Background: The import of the cavum variation and its prevalence rate in healthy individuals is still not clear, likewise in neurologically diseased patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency and pattern of caval variations in neurologically diseased patients.

Material And Methods: The presence or absence of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), cavum vergae (CV), or cavum velum interpositum (CVI) was reviewed from successive cranial computerized tomography (CT) images of patients who were aged 6 months and above.

Pedestrian injuries in the most densely populated city in Nigeria-an epidemic calling for control.

Objectives: Since the first pedestrian road fatality of 1896, pedestrians still remain vulnerable, with fatalities in Africa being 55% of global statistics. Many previous reports from Nigeria have emphasized passengers and drivers over pedestrians; this study was done in the most densely populated Nigerian city with no previous publication exclusively dedicated to pedestrians-the megacity has been projected by the World Bank to be the third largest in the world by 2015 (after Tokyo and Mumbai), so the study results would aid injury control and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This is a one-year prospective study on pedestrians attending the surgical emergency room of the busiest referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, detailing age, sex, occupation, regions injured, injury mechanism, incident vehicles, highway collisions, and immediate outcomes.

Child pedestrian injury and fatality in a developing country.

Purpose: Child pedestrian injuries and fatalities in developing countries continue to increase. We examined child pedestrian injuries and fatalities in the most populated urban agglomeration in Africa in order to develop control measures.

Methods: Two-year prospective study of injured child pedestrians (≤15 years) at the Surgical Emergency Room (SER) to determine demography, vehicles involved, road location, injury mechanism, pre-hospital transport, injury-arrival time, regions injured, injury severity and fatalities was done.

Spinal anaesthesia and monitored conscious sedation for repair of infantile meningomyelocele.

Objectives: Monitored conscious sedation combined with spinal anaesthesia (MCSS) to repair myelomeningocoele (MM) has received little attention in the literature. It has the potential of rapid postoperative recovery, minimal perioperative morbidity and probable reduced cost of management. The objective of this study was to prospectively analyze the safety and effectiveness of MCSS during repair of MM in infants.

Environmental causes of childhood brain tumours.

Brain tumours hitherto said to be rare in Africans are now known to be common. They cause considerable concern due to their relatively high morbidity, mortality and enormous cost of care, especially in the developing world. An understanding of the aetiology is particularly important in our region for planning strategies for effective prevention of brain tumours.