A Comparison of Chlorhexidine-Alcohol and Povidone-Iodine-Alcohol on the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) persists as a global challenge, accounting for 20%-25% of all healthcare-associated infections. The SSI rate has been reported to range from 2.5% to 41.

Immunohistochemical Profiling of HER-2/neu, Steroid Hormone Receptors and KI-67 Biomarkers in A Cohort of Nigerian Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: Progressive improvement in the accuracy of profiling of hormone receptors in breast cancer provides the basis for targeted endocrine therapy, a major pillar of multimodal breast cancer treatment. However, the disparity in findings from comparatively smaller sample-sized studies in West Africa has led to somewhat conflicting conclusions and recommendations.

Objectives: This study investigates the immunohistochemical (IHC) profile of breast cancer specimens for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2)/neu, and Ki-67 in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria over 12 years.

Association of lipid profile biomarkers with breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the MEND study.

There is conflicting evidence on the role of lipid biomarkers in breast cancer (BC), and no study to our knowledge has examined this association among African women. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of lipid biomarkers-total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides-with odds of BC overall and by subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched and triple-negative or TNBC) for 296 newly diagnosed BC cases and 116 healthy controls in Nigeria. Each unit standard deviation (SD) increase in triglycerides was associated with 39% increased odds of BC in fully adjusted models (aOR: 1.

Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Breast Cancer by Molecular Subtype: Analysis of the MEND Study.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of biological irregularities. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the association of MetS with BC among Nigerian women, and for the first time evaluate this association by molecular subtype.

Materials And Methods: MetS was defined as having at least 3 out of 5 of: high blood pressure (≥ 130/85 mm Hg), reduced HDL (< 50 mg/dL), elevated triglyceride (> 150 mg/dL), high waist circumference (≥ 80 cm), and prior diagnosis of diabetes or elevated fasting glucose level (≥ 100 mg/dL).

Association of body composition with odds of breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the Mechanisms for Established and Novel Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Nigerian Women (MEND) study.

Background: The association between obesity and breast cancer (BC) has been extensively studied among US, European and Asian study populations, with often conflicting evidence. However, despite the increasing prevalence of obesity and associated conditions in Africa, the continent with the highest age-standardized BC mortality rate globally, few studies have evaluated this association, and none has examined in relation to molecular subtypes among African women. The current analysis examines the association between body composition, defined by body mass index (BMI), height, and weight, and BC by molecular subtype among African women.

Association of Life-Course Educational Attainment and Breast Cancer Grade in the MEND Study.

Background: Nigeria reports the highest age-standardized mortality rate for breast cancer (BC) among African countries and disproportionately high rates of high-grade cancer. Histological grade is a strong predictor of mortality, and evidence suggests that educational attainment influences cancer outcomes.

Objective: We characterize the association between educational trends across the life-course and BC grade at diagnosis.

Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and odds of breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the MEND study.

Breast cancer (BC) in Nigeria is characterized by disproportionately aggressive molecular subtypes. C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with risk and aggressiveness for several types of cancer. We examined the association of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) with odds of BC by molecular subtype among Nigerian women.

A sub-Saharan African experience in the surgical management of soft tissue sarcomas in an oncology unit in: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) consist of over 70 histologic subtypes and constitute only 1% of adult malignancies. The fulcrum of management is surgical resection with neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment-chemoradiation.

Methods: The study is a retrospective review of consecutive STS patients who had surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between October 2007-2017.

Collaborative Molecular Epidemiology Study of Metabolic Dysregulation, DNA Methylation, and Breast Cancer Risk Among Nigerian Women: MEND Study Objectives and Design.

Purpose: To elucidate the role of metabolic dysregulation and associated DNA methylation changes on breast cancer risk and aggressive subtypes among Nigerian women. We describe the design and methods of a collaborative molecular epidemiology study of breast cancer in Nigerian hospitals.

Methods: The Mechanisms for Novel and Established Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women of Nigerian Descent (MEND) study was designed as a matched case-control study of 350 patients, age 18 to 75 years, with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve breast cancer and 350 age-matched healthy controls from surrounding geographic areas.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-1 Alpha as Predictors of Survival in Peritonitis: A Pilot Study.

Context: Peritonitis induces an inflammatory response characterized by the elevation of various cytokine levels. Included in this cascade of cytokines are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α). The outcome of patient care may be associated with the pattern of elaboration of these cytokines.

Effectiveness of postoperative analgesia in the management of acute pain in day-case surgeries.

Background: Surgery is the most common source of acute pain.

Aim: To determine the intensity of acute pain following day case surgery and evaluate the effectiveness of the prescribed analgesics.

Methods: A descriptive observational study carried out at the main operating and the Urology Outpatient theatre suites of the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Single-shot lamina thoracic paravertebral block with ketofol for modified radical mastectomy.

We describe the use of single-shot lamina thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) with sedation for a 56-year-old female patient who had modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance. Two years ago, she suffered vocal cord palsy post thyroidectomy, which was managed with tracheostomy. The tracheostomy tube was removed 8 months later, leaving the patient with persistent hoarseness of voice and left vocal cord palsy.

Diathermy versus Scalpel Incision in a Heterogeneous Cohort of General Surgery Patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.

Background: The anecdotal fear of using cautery for surgical incisions is still common in surgical practice despite recent evidences. The aim of this study is to compare the results of electrocautery and the scalpel in skin incisions.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective randomized double blind study conducted in the Department of Surgery, of a teaching hospital in Ibadan.

Missed injuries in trauma associated mortalities in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Aims And Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe the pattern of missed injuries in trauma associated mortalities in the University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria and to determine the relevance of postmortem examination in trauma related death.

Subjects And Methods: All cases of trauma- associated death in the Accident and Emergency Department of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan Nigeria over a ten year period from January 1997 to December 2006 were reviewed. Data extracted from the records included the demographic data, the mechanism of injury, time and duration of injury prior to presentation and the clinical diagnosis.

Splenectomy in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: A comparison of sonographic correlation with intra-operative findings in trauma.

Background: Missed or inappropriately-treated splenic injury is a significant cause of preventable trauma-related death. Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography are essential tools for early diagnosis of splenic injury. However, some injuries may not be accurately diagnosed by ultrasonography at initial evaluation.

A review of the current profile of gastric cancer presentation in the university college hospital Ibadan, a tertiary health care institution in the tropics.

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth commonest malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Although gastric carcinoma is less common throughout Africa than in Europe, there are considerable variations in its incidence and pattern. It accounts for about 5% of cancer-related death.

Pheochromocytoma in an accessory adrenal gland: a case report.

Very few cases of pheochromocytoma in functional accessory adrenal glands have been documented in literature. We present a twenty-four year old Nigerian female who presented with pheochromocytoma. Investigations revealed a suprarenal mass, which was diagnosed as an accessory gland adrenal tumour at surgery.