Lichens: An update on their ethnopharmacological uses and potential as sources of drug leads.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lichens, a unique symbiotic association between an alga/cyanobacterium and a fungus, produce secondary metabolites that are a promising source of novel drug leads. The beauty and importance of lichens have not been adequately explored despite their manifold biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antiparasitic.

Aim Of The Study: The present review collates and discusses the available knowledge on secondary metabolites and biological activities of lichens (in vitro and in vivo).

University community-based survey on the knowledge, attitude and perception about COVID-19 pandemic: the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria as a case study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is impacting social, economic and political patterns globally. To contain its spread, Nigeria like many other countries, imposed drastic measures such as lockdown/curfew.

Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) about COVID-19 pandemic among members of staff of a university community in Nigeria.

Corrigendum: Acaricidal activity of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of 15 South African plants against Rhipicephalus turanicus and their toxicity on human liver and kidney cells.

No abstract available.

Corrigendum: Investigation of the acaricidal activity of the acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 South African plants against the adult ticks of Rhipicephalus turanicus.

No abstract available.

Corrigendum: Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus.

No abstract available.

Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil against the vector of tropical bovine piroplasmosis, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus.

Ticks are of great economic importance to humans and animals due to their role in disease transmission. The application of synthetic, chemical acaricides on the animal and/or the environment (the most used tick control method globally) has led to the selection of tick populations that are resistant. Their adverse effects on ecology and human and animal health cannot be overemphasised.

Acaricidal activity of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of 15 South African plants against Rhipicephalus turanicus and their toxicity on human liver and kidney cells.

Hot water and hydroethanolic (70:30) extracts were prepared from 15 plant species, which were investigated to discover eco-friendly and less expensive tick control methods as an alternative to synthetic acaricides. A contact bioassay was used to determine the acaricidal activity of these extracts against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae) at a concentration of 20% (200 mg/mL). The hydroethanolic extracts had better activity than the hot water extracts against R.

Isolation and characterization of two acaricidal compounds from Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea (Fabaceae) leaf extract.

The menace caused by ticks and tick-borne diseases is a major limitation to the livestock industry in Africa. The high costs and non-availability of synthetic, chemical acaricides to resource-limited farmers, resistance of ticks to available acaricides and residue problems in meat and milk consumed by humans further complicate matters. The use of plant extracts as a possible source of new acaricides has received much interest in the last decade.

In vitro bioassays used in evaluating plant extracts for tick repellent and acaricidal properties: A critical review.

Ticks are haematophagous arthropods which rank closely with mosquitoes in their capacity to transmit disease pathogens of importance to animals and humans. Current control of ticks is based on the routine use of synthetic chemicals administered to animals or their environment. However, years of use and overuse of these chemicals have resulted in the development of resistance in these parasites and negative environmental impacts, hence the need for cheaper, safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives with alternate modes of action.

Investigation of the acaricidal activity of the acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 South African plants against the adult ticks of .

The acaricidal activity of acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 plant species was evaluated using the contact method on Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks at an initial concentration of 20% (200 mg/mL). Eight of the 12 plants had mortality greater than 50% and the acetone extracts had better acaricidal activity than the ethanol extracts. The acetone extract of Calpurnia aurea (leaves and flowers) had the highest corrected mortality (CM) of 92.

Further studies on South African plants: Acaricidal activity of organic plant extracts against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).

The goal of our research is to develop a lower cost eco-friendly tick control method because acaricides that are commonly used to control ticks are often toxic, harmful to the environment or too expensive for resource-limited farmers. Acetone and ethanol extracts were prepared and their acaricidal activities determined against the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. A 1% solution of each of the plant extracts was prepared for efficacy testing using the adapted Shaw Larval Immersion Test (SLIT).

Anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from South African plants used on egg hatching of Haemonchus contortus.

The nematode, Haemonchus contortus, is responsible for major economic losses in the livestock industry. The management of parasites such as H. contortus has been through the use of synthetic parasiticides.

Acaricidal activity of the organic extracts of thirteen South African plants against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (Acari: Ixodidae).

The African blue tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, is a common tick species found in South Africa and affects cattle production as well as vectoring pathogens in regions of Africa and Asia. In an attempt to develop a non-toxic, lower cost and environmentally friendly tick control method, twenty-six plant extracts were prepared from thirteen plant species using 99.5% acetone and 99% ethanol.

Descriptive analyses and risk of death due to Ebola Virus Disease, West Africa, 2014.

Introduction: Since the first case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea in 2013, major outbreaks have been reported in West Africa.

Methodology: Cases and fatalities of EVD caused by Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) were evaluated, and the risks of dying in the general population and in healthcare workers were assessed.

Results: The case fatality rate estimated for EVD was 76.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol extract and fractions of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves.

Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and the analgesic potentials of Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extract in experimental animals.

Methods: The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated using an acute rat model. Aspirin at 150 mg/kg, indomethacin at 10 mg/kg as positive control, and methanolic extracts and solvent fractions of A.

Tramadol improved the efficacy of ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in young pigs.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of premedication with tramadol on xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in young pigs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded cross-over study.

Animals: Ten young Niger hybrid pigs: mean weight 6.