An All-Oral 6-Month Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (the NExT Study).

Improving treatment outcomes while reducing drug toxicity and shortening the treatment duration to ∼6 months remains an aspirational goal for the treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). To conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial in adults with MDR/RR-TB (i.e.

Basal cortisol levels and correlates of hypoadrenalism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Objective: To determine the frequency of occurrence of hypoadrenalism in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and document the clinical correlates of hypoadrenalism for this group of patients.

Subjects And Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on 66 hospitalized HIV patients in a semi-urban setting of South Africa. Hypoadrenalism was diagnosed based on a basal cortisol level of less than 400 nmol/l with or without overt signs and symptoms.

Profile and outcome of unilateral tuberculous lung destruction in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Unilateral tuberculous lung destruction is a serious chronically disabling and often fatal complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. A few previous studies have dealt with some aspects of this entity among Nigerians with pulmonary tuberculosis but these studies may not truly reflect its current trends.

Objective: To describe the presenting profiles and outcome of unilateral tuberculous lung destruction among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

General practitioner reported follow-up visits among asthma patients in North Central Nigeria.

Background: Despite the benefits of regular follow-up in the long-term care of asthma, no previous study has reported on it among asthma patients in Nigeria.

Objective: This survey was designed to evaluate GP-reported follow-up visits among asthma patients in North Central Nigeria.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey conducted among GPs in three North Central states of Nigeria.

Utilisation of spirometry among hospitalised patients with clinical findings of COPD in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Aims And Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of spirometry utilisation among hospitalised patients with clinical findings of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Patients And Methods: A case record review of hospitalised patients with clinical findings of COPD from January 2002 to June 2009 from the record of the cardiopulmonary unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria was carried out. Age and sex, hospital stay, admitting physician, and outcome of admission were obtained.

An audit of spirometry at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria (2002-2009).

Background: Spirometry is a noninvasive and cost-effective physiologic test that greatly complements other investigative procedures in evaluation of respiratory conditions. This study was aimed at auditing the spirometry performed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Ilorin, Nigeria, and highlighting some of the challenges associated with the procedure.

Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the record of spirometry performed at the cardiopulmonary unit of the hospital from June 2002 to December 2009.

Sickle cell chronic lung disease among young adult Nigerians.

Background: Sickle cell chronic lung disease (SCLD) is often underappreciated by health care providers because its exact prevalence and methods of diagnosis have not been well studied.

Objective: To describe the pattern of SCLD among young adult Nigerians with sickle cell anaemia (SCA).its exact prevalence and methods of diagnosis have not been well studied.

The prevalence of bronchial asthma among adults in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Few data exist on the prevalence of asthma among Nigerian adults. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bronchial asthma among adults in Ilorin, Nigeria. This study was conducted in Ilorin east and west local governments of Kwara State, Nigeria from October 2005 to April 2006.

Prevalence and determinants of tobacco smoking among HIV patients in North Eastern Nigeria.

People living with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection who smoke tobacco are more likely to develop several opportunistic infections, and also suffer complications from antiretroviral medication than the non smokers of tobacco. The burden of tobacco smoking amongst people living with this infection is poorly understood in the African population. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and determinants of tobacco smoking among HIV patients in North Eastern Nigeria.

Prevalence of self reported allergic rhinitis and its relationship with asthma among adult Nigerians.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to establish the prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis in an adult Nigerian population and to examine the relationship between asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Methods: We conducted an epidemiological study of adults aged between 18 and 45 years in Ilorin, Nigeria from 2005 to 2006. An adaptation of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire was administered by trained assistants to obtain information on demographics, history of nasal allergies, asthma symptoms, and smoking history.

Health care workers and risk of hospital-related tuberculosis.

Objective: To determine the incidence and risk of hospital-related TB amongst the health care workers and trainee students of this institution.

Design: Retrospective study.

Method: Chart review of PTB and EPTB diagnosed by AAFB in sputum, suggestive chest X-ray features of TB and aspiration cytology or tissue histology.

Concomitant sarcoidosis in a patient with tuberculosis: first report of association in Africa.

Sarcoidosis occasionally develops in patients previously treated for tuberculosis. Less commonly, tuberculosis develops as an opportunistic infection in patients following corticosteroid treatment for sarcoidosis. Rarely do you find sarcoidosis and tuberculosis coexisting in the same patient.

Spectrum and prognostic significance of opportunistic diseases in HIV/AIDS patients in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Opportunistic diseases (ODs) of varying types and severities have been reported amongst HIV infected patients around the world, this made us to define the incidence, spectrum and effects of ODs on HIV infected Nigerians' CD4+cells count and survival rate.

Design: Retrospective analyses of HIV register from February 2002 to July 2004.

Results: ODs developed in 201 (68.

Bacterial pneumonia in the AIDS patients.

Objective: To determine the incidence, microbiological pattern and prognostic factor of bacterial pneumonia in AIDS patients.

Study Design: Prospective study of AIDS patients from July 2001 to Dec 2002.

Methodology: Adults AIDS patients on HAART drugs that develop acute fever, cough with bronchial breathing or lung crepitations had diagnostic evaluation that included chest x-ray, paired sputum microscopy, culture and sensitivity, paired blood culture and haematological profiles including CD4' cell count.

The usefulness of serum albumin and urinary creatinine as biochemical indices for monitoring the nutritional status of Nigerians with pulmonary tuberculosis.

The objective is to evaluate the relative roles of urinary creatinine and serum albumin as biochemical markers for monitoring the nutritional status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients during treatment. Thirty-one newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were placed on six months short course regimen. Their weight, body mass index, serum albumin and 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion were determined before treatment, at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th month of treatment.

Management outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis: a nine year review in Ilorin.

Objective: This study evaluates the management outcome of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) over a nine year period. Essentially the cure rate, rate of default and fatality rate were all estimated. Factors predisposing to poor drug compliance were also reviewed.

Hospital prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus in Ilorin: a review of nine years (1991-1999).

This is a hospital based retrospective study that determines the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection amongst PTB cases. The study was over a nine year period. The annual distribution of all PTB and PTB/HIV co-infected cases were estimated, so was the annual distribution of all medical cases seen over the same period.

Effect of drug-induced hyperuricaemia on renal function in Nigerians with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Some anti-tuberculosis chemotherapeutic agents have been established as causing hyperuricaemia. Hyperuricaemia in turn causes renal damage. This study therefore aims at establishing the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs-induced hyperuricaemia on renal function of the patients.

Typhoid fever masquerading as functional psychosis.

While acute confusional states are frequently encountered in typhoid fever, initial manifestation of this illness as "functional psychosis" is very rarely encountered. We describe our experience of three patients seen within a 15-month period, who initially presented as various forms of psychiatric disorders with little evidence of impairment of consciousness, well before the appearance of pyrexia which led to the correct diagnosis. The possible role of less severe or self limiting organic conditions in the genesis of "functional" psychosis in the African population is discussed.

The significance of glucose intolerance in pulmonary tuberculosis.

We performed a sequential follow-up of oral glucose tolerance tests on 54 Nigerian patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in order to determine the significance of glucose intolerance in tuberculosis. Twenty-three patients (42.6%) were found to have abnormal results, including three (5.

The role of fiberoptic transbronchial lung biopsy in diagnosis of chronic infiltrative pulmonary disease in Nigeria.

Over a three-year period, fibreoptic transbronchial lung biopsy (FTLB) was performed in 28 adult Nigerian patients with chronic infiltrative lung disease after sputum examination, haematological, biochemical and serological tests failed to provide a definite diagnosis. Definitive histological diagnosis was obtained in 11 patients (39.3 per cent) while another seven (25 per cent) had distinct histological abnormalities but no specific diagnosis.

Flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy in Ibadan: report of 6 years' experience.

This study describes 6 years' experience of flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy (FFB) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Ninety-three bronchoscopies were carried out in 83 patients. The study revealed 22 patients with primary lung malignancies, four with tuberculosis, three with secondary malignancies, three with sarcoidosis, and two with interstitial fibrosis.

Spontaneous pneumothorax in adult Nigerians.

A 6-year study was carried out in our hospital practice to determine the prevalence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Thirty patients with 32 episodes of pneumothorax were diagnosed. Tuberculosis was encountered in 9(30%) patients while no specific cause was found in 12(40%) patients.

Diabetic retinopathy in Nigerians: relation to duration of diabetes, type of treatment and degree of control.

The results of a prospective study of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among Nigerian diabetics attending a Nigerian Teaching Hospital over a one and a half-year period are presented. Diabetics with mature cataracts whose fundi could not be visualised were excluded from the study. 15.

Non-specific bronchial airway hyperreactivity and the diagnosis of asthma.

In very mild and atypical cases of asthma, highly discriminative tests are needed to make the diagnosis. To demonstrate this, measurement of non-specific bronchial airway hyperreactivity by means of standardized bronchial inhalation challenge tests with histamine and methacholine were performed in 10 very mild asthmatic and nine normal control subjects; both groups included Nigerians who were temporarily resident in London at the time of the study. Bronchial reactivity was expressed as the provocative concentration of the agents causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (PC20FEV1); higher values indicating lower levels of non-specific bronchial reactivity.