Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Treatment Practices and Outcomes Prior to Pediatric American Thyroid Association Guidelines Implementation.

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common pediatric thyroid malignancy, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) representing 90% of the cases. In 2015, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) developed management guidelines for pediatric DTC.

Procedure: Patients less than 21 years of age diagnosed with DTC between 2000 and 2015 at Texas Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Hospital, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Nationwide Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate treatment practices before the implementation of the ATA guidelines.

Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Attendees From a Large Health Care System During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Background: Few studies have evaluated home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) during the pandemic, compared to prepandemic center-based CR (CBCR), with respect to patient characteristics, participation rates, and its efficacy on clinical metrics, health-related quality of life (QoL), and modifiable risk factors.

Objectives: We aimed to describe patient characteristics and participation rates for those attending HBCR compared to patients who attended CBCR and compare the effects of HBCR vs CBCR on clinical metrics, health-related QoL, and modifiable risk factors in CR patients pre vs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study comparing 511 HBCR patients and 765 CBCR patients from the Mayo Clinic Health System.

Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes in a Transgender Woman With Coronary Artery Disease.

The presented case report examines the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on a 69-year-old transgender woman with coronary artery disease (CAD). The patient engaged in 19 CR sessions without experiencing any adverse effects. Pre- to post-CR assessments revealed a worsening of body composition, characterized by an approximate 3% increase in fat mass and a 4% reduction in lean mass.

Peripherally Restricted Activation of Opioid Receptors Influences Anxiety-Related Behaviour and Alters Brain Gene Expression in a Sex-Specific Manner.

Although effects of stress-induced anxiety on the gastrointestinal tract and enteric nervous system (ENS) are well studied, how ENS dysfunction impacts behaviour is not well understood. We investigated whether ENS modulation alters anxiety-related behaviour in rats. We used loperamide, a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, to manipulate ENS function and assess changes in behaviour, gut and brain gene expression, and microbiota profile.

Pharmacological target sites for restoration of age-associated deficits in NMDA receptor-mediated norepinephrine release in brain.

Aging affects virtually all organs of the body, but perhaps it has the most profound effects on the brain and its neurotransmitter systems, which influence a wide range of crucial functions, such as attention, focus, mood, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, and sleep cycles. All of these essential functions, as well as fundamental cognitive processes such as memory, recall, and processing speed, utilize neuronal circuits that depend on neurotransmitter signaling between neurons. Glutamate (Glu), the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, is involved in most neuronal excitatory functions, including release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE).

Self-organization of the hematopoietic vascular niche and emergent innate immunity on a chip.

Here, we present a bioengineering approach to emulate the human bone marrow in vitro. Our developmentally inspired method uses self-organization of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and vascular endothelial cells cultured in a three-dimensional microphysiological system to create vascularized, perfusable tissue constructs that resemble the hematopoietic vascular niche of the human marrow. The microengineered niche is capable of multilineage hematopoiesis and can generate functionally mature human myeloid cells that can intravasate into perfused blood vessels, providing a means to model the mobilization of innate immune cells from the marrow.

Search for CP-Violating Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions with the NOvA Experiment.

This Letter reports a search for charge-parity (CP) symmetry violating nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the NOvA Experiment, and examines their effects on the determination of the standard oscillation parameters. Data from ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{e}(ν[over ¯]_{e}) oscillation channels are used to measure the effect of the NSI parameters ϵ_{eμ} and ϵ_{eτ}. With 90% CL the magnitudes of the NSI couplings are constrained to be |ϵ_{eμ}|≲0.

Association between locomotor muscle quality and cardiac function during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Aims: Muscle quality (MQ) is used to assess skeletal muscle function; however, the relationship between MQ and cardiac function during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unknown. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the relationship between locomotor MQ and cardiac function during exercise in HFpEF.

Methods And Results: A total of 22 HFpEF patients and 23 healthy matched controls (CTL) were recruited.

Physical training augmented with whole body electronic muscle stimulation favorably impacts cardiovascular biomarkers in healthy adults - A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physical activity is protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD) and favorably improves CVD risk profile. However, more than 25 % of American adults report no participation in physical activity. Whole body electronic muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) training is a novel FDA-cleared technology which offers a time-efficient and adaptable method for physical training by simultaneously stimulating the main muscle groups using percutaneous electrical impulse transmission.

Activating mutations in CD8+ T-cells correlate to serological positivity in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a rare hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic T-cells frequent somatic activating mutations. Based on the disease overlap between LGL leukemia rheumatoid arthritis (RA)a putative role for CD8+ T-cells in RA we hypothesized that mutations may be detected in RA patient CD8+ T-cells correlate with clinical characteristics.

Methods: Blood samples, clinical parameters, and demographics were collected from 98 RA patients and 9 healthy controls (HCs).

Respiratory Syncytial Virus and US Pediatric Intensive Care Utilization.

Importance: Bronchiolitis is the most common diagnosis necessitating respiratory support and pediatric intensive care, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis. In 2023, the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab and the maternal RSVpreF vaccine were implemented to prevent RSV in infants.

Objective: To determine the potential association of novel RSV prevention strategies with pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) utilization.

Treatment Outcomes and Definition Inconsistencies in High-Risk Unilateral Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of children with unilateral retinoblastoma (Rb) and high-risk histopathology features (HRHF) following upfront enucleation with/without adjuvant chemotherapy, and investigate cases locally considered non-HRHF but converted to a standardized HRHF definition.

Design: Retrospective multinational clinical cohort study.

Methods: Children with Rb who presented to 21 centers from 12 countries between 2011-2020, and underwent primary enucleation were recruited.

High-Intensity Interval Training Mitigates Sarcopenia and Suppresses the Myoblast Senescence Regulator EEF1E1.

Background: The optimal exercise regimen for alleviating sarcopenia remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in ameliorating sarcopenia.

Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover trial to evaluate plasma proteomic reactions to acute HIIT (four 4-min high-intensity intervals at 70% maximal capacity alternating with 4 min at 30%) versus MICT (constant 50% maximal capacity) in inactive adults.

Novel insights into mechanisms of inhibition of colonic motility by loperamide.

Background: It is well known that opiates slow gastrointestinal (GI) transit, via suppression of enteric cholinergic neurotransmission throughout the GI tract, particularly the large intestine where constipation is commonly induced. It is not clear whether there is uniform suppression of enteric neurotransmission and colonic motility across the full length of the colon. Here, we investigated whether regional changes in colonic motility occur using the peripherally-restricted mu opioid agonist, loperamide to inhibit colonic motor complexes (CMCs) in isolated mouse colon.

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A review of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry.

Aims: Current data are insufficient for the leading resuscitation societies to advise on the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The aim of this study was to explore the current utilization of ECPR for pediatric OHCA and characterize the patient demographics, arrest features, and metabolic parameters associated with survival.

Methods: Retrospective review of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry database from January 2020 to May 2023, including children 28 days to 18 years old who received ECPR for OHCA.

Visual Prognosis Following Cataract Surgery in Highly Myopic Patients with Prior History of Verisyse Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation.

: This study aimed to evaluate the visual outcomes and prognosis after cataract surgery in patients with prior history of Verisyse phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation. : A retrospective cohort study involving 215 Verisyse pIOL implantations and 17 explantations was conducted. The Verisyse pIOL was disenclaved and removed through a superior scleral tunnel incision.

Total Synthesis of (-)-Flueggeacosine C.

Herein we describe a total synthesis of the heterodimeric securinega alkaloid (-)-flueggeacosine C (). The convergent synthetic strategy is based on a Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling reaction that combines a benzoquinolizidine fragment with a securinine-type alkaloid. An acyloxy nitroso ring-expansion was employed as the key step in accessing benzoquinolizidine , and a novel intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an allenic acid-containing pyridone expeditiously delivers the skeleton of the securinine-type fragment ().

Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Outcomes in a Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort, 2009-2021.

Objective: To describe characteristics associated with survival for pediatric patients with an oncologic diagnosis or hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective study.

Setting: Sixteen PICUs in the United States and Israel.

Does obesity and varying body mass index affect the clinical outcomes and safety of biportal endoscopic lumbar decompression? A comparative cohort study.

Background: Endoscopic spine surgery has recently grown in popularity due to the potential benefits of reduced pain and faster recovery time as compared to open surgery. Biportal spinal endoscopy has been successfully applied to lumbar disc herniations and lumbar spinal stenosis. Obesity is associated with increased risk of complications in spine surgery.

Investigating the suitability of online flow cytometry for monitoring full-scale drinking water ozone system disinfection effectiveness.

While online monitoring of physicochemical parameters has widely been incorporated into drinking water treatment systems, online microbial monitoring has lagged behind, resulting in the use of surrogate parameters (disinfectant residual, applied dose, concentration × time, CT) to assess disinfection system performance. Online flow cytometry (online FCM) allows for automated quantification of total and intact microbial cells. This study sought to investigate the feasibility of online FCM for full-scale drinking water ozone disinfection system performance monitoring.