Lacrimal tissue resection in Fasanella Servat operation and the correlation to dry eye.

: Fasanella-Servat operation (FSO) was previously reported to be associated with post-operative dry eyes due to accessory lacrimal gland resection during the surgery.We performed a retrospective, cohort study to determine the frequency of lacrimal tissue resection during FSO and its correlation with post-operative eye dryness and keratopathy.: Review of all patients who underwent FSO at New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Hospital over a two-year period (2013-2015).

"In Africa, There Was No Family Planning. Every Year You Just Give Birth": Family Planning Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Somali and Congolese Refugee Women After Resettlement to the United States.

It is crucial for refugee service providers to understand the family planning knowledge, attitudes, and practices of refugee women following third country resettlement. Using an ethnographic approach rooted in Reproductive Justice, we conducted six focus groups that included 66 resettled Somali and Congolese women in a western United States (US) metropolitan area. We analyzed data using modified grounded theory.

Changes in cigar sales following implementation of a local policy restricting sales of flavoured non-cigarette tobacco products.

Introduction: On 3 January, 2013, the city of Providence, Rhode Island, began enforcing a restriction on the retail sale of all non-cigarette tobacco products with a characterising flavour other than tobacco, menthol, mint or wintergreen. We assessed the policy impact on cigar sales-which comprise 95% of flavoured non-cigarette tobacco products sold through conventional tobacco retail outlets (eg, convenience stores, supermarkets) in Providence-over time and in comparison to the rest of the state (ROS).

Methods: Weekly retail scanner sales data were obtained for January 2012 to December 2016.

Warfarin-Induced Rapid Rise in INR Post-Cardiac Surgery Is Not Associated With Increased Bleeding Risk.

Post-cardiac surgery bleeding can have devastating consequences, and it is unknown if warfarin-induced rapid international normalized ratio (INR) rise during the immediate postoperative period increases bleed risk. To determine the impact of warfarin-induced rapid-rise INR on post-cardiac surgery bleeding. This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of post-cardiac surgery patients initiated on warfarin at Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester.

A rapid smartphone-based lactate dehydrogenase test for neonatal diagnostics at the point of care.

There is a growing recognition of the importance of point-of-care tests (POCTs) for detecting critical neonatal illnesses to reduce the mortality rate in newborns, especially in low-income countries, which account for 98 percent of reported neonatal deaths. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a marker of cellular damage as a result of hypoxia-ischemia in affected organs. Here, we describe and test a POC LDH test direct from whole blood to provide early indication of serious illness in the neonate.

Voluntary exercise delays progressive deterioration of markers of metabolism and behavior in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Although a good deal is known about the genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and information is emerging about its cause, there are no pharmacological treatments shown to have a significant, sustained capacity to prevent or attenuate the ongoing neurodegenerative processes. However, there is accumulating clinical results to suggest that physical exercise is such a treatment, and studies of animal models of the dopamine (DA) deficiency associated with the motor symptoms of PD further support this hypothesis. Exercise is a non-pharmacological, economically practical, and sustainable intervention with little or no risk and with significant additional health benefits.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antibiotic consumption results from 16 hospitals in Viet Nam: The VINARES project 2012-2013.

Objective: To establish a hospital-based surveillance network with national coverage for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic consumption in Viet Nam.

Methods: A 16-hospital network (Viet Nam Resistance: VINARES) was established and consisted of national and provincial-level hospitals across the country. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from routine clinical diagnostic specimens and antibiotic consumption data in Defined Daily Dose per 1000 bed days (DDD/1000 patient-days) were prospectively collected and analysed between October 2012 and September 2013.

Quantitative Assessment of Trace-Element Contamination in Parenteral Nutrition Components.

Background: Trace-element contamination of contemporary parenteral nutrition (PN) components exists in unknown quantities and, in combination with excessive amounts of certain trace elements provided in commercially available adult, pediatric, and neonatal multitrace-element (MTE) products, could result in eventual accumulation and toxicity. This study aims to quantify trace-element contamination in components used for PN compounding to further inform recommendations for MTE product reformulation and individualized trace-element prescribing in PN.

Methods: A total of 32 unique components (65 products) available for PN compounding were tested for manganese, chromium, selenium, zinc, and copper contamination, utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Clinical Characteristics and Nonconvulsive Seizures in Young Children With Abusive Head Trauma.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate putative predictors of symptoms and signs at admission for nonconvulsive seizure and to examine the impact of nonconvulsive seizures on short-term outcomes.

Method: We retrospectively collected consecutive abusive head trauma patients (<36 months of age) from the trauma registry at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta between 2009 and 2014. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the putative predictors for the occurrence of nonconvulsive seizures including clinical seizures, altered mental status, respiratory difficulty, and cardiac arrest at admission, while controlling for age, sex, and injury severity.

Prosthetic Joint Infection following Dental Cleaning despite Antibiotic Prophylaxis.

We present the case of a 92-year-old man with septic arthritis of a prosthetic hip joint due to one week following a high-risk dental procedure despite preprocedure amoxicillin. is a commensal bacterium of the human oral mucosa that is an uncommon cause of bacteremia. has previously been described as a causative agent of infective endocarditis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis but was only recently recognized as a cause of prosthetic joint infection.

Screening and Referral for Low-Income Families' Social Determinants of Health by US Pediatricians.

Objective: To measure the frequency US pediatricians report screening and referring for social needs and identify pediatrician and practice-level predictors for screening and referral.

Methods: Data were from the American Academy of Pediatrics Periodic Survey for October 2014 to March 2015 with a response rate of 46.6% (732/1570).

High prevalence of colonisation with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among patients admitted to Vietnamese hospitals: Risk factors and burden of disease.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is an increasing problem worldwide, but particularly problematic in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to limitations of resources for surveillance of CRE and infection prevention and control (IPC).

Methods: A point prevalence survey (PPS) with screening for colonisation with CRE was conducted on 2233 patients admitted to neonatal, paediatric and adult care at 12 Vietnamese hospitals located in northern, central and southern Vietnam during 2017 and 2018. CRE colonisation was determined by culturing of faecal specimens on selective agar for CRE.

Linear scleroderma "en coup de sabre" with extensive brain involvement-Clinicopathologic correlations and response to anti-Interleukin-6 therapy.

Linear scleroderma "en coup de sabre" (LSES) variant is a cephalic subtype of localized scleroderma that can be associated with extracutaneous stigmata, such as epilepsy, dementia syndromes, as well as focal central nervous system neurologic deficits. While the pathophysiology of cutaneous linear scleroderma includes endothelial cell injury and up regulation of pro-fibrogenic pathways, the basis of LSES-associated neurologic complications is largely unknown. We report a patient with a history of LSES who developed intractable epilepsy and cognitive decline.

Practice Patterns after the Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital Trial: A Survey of Pediatric Critical Care Physicians.

The Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital (THAPCA-OH) Trial showed therapeutic hypothermia, versus normothermia, did not significantly improve 1-year survival with good neurobehavioral outcome. Our survey of pediatric critical care physicians, designed to assess the use of targeted temperature management (TTM) after publication of the main THAPCA-OH Trial results, found most respondents were aware of trial results, and over 90% agreed THAPCA-OH was well-designed with important clinical outcomes. While most respondents reported TTM usage consistent with THAPCA-OH results in different patient scenarios, 15% did not select TTM for fever management.

Pulmonary Limitations in Heart Failure.

The heart and lungs are intimately linked. Hence, impaired function of one organ may lead to changes in the other. Accordingly, heart failure is associated with airway obstruction, loss of lung volume, impaired gas exchange, and abnormal ventilatory control.

Multiple antibiotic resistance as a risk factor for mortality and prolonged hospital stay: A cohort study among neonatal intensive care patients with hospital-acquired infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in Vietnam.

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is an increasing burden for global health. The prevalence of ABR in Southeast Asia is among the highest worldwide, especially in relation to hospital-acquired infections (HAI) in intensive care units (ICU). However, little is known about morbidity and mortality attributable to ABR in neonates.

Dentist and hygienist smoking cessation counseling and awareness of Medicaid benefits.

Objectives: Integrating smoking cessation interventions into dental care is an efficient way to intervene with smokers. This study of dentists and dental hygienists who provide dental care to Medicaid-insured patients explores awareness of Medicaid smoking cessation benefits, awareness of Quitline resources, beliefs about perceived role in providing tobacco interventions, and behaviors around clinical intervention.

Methods: In 2015, we conducted a survey of dentists and hygienists who serve Medicaid patients in New York State.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for identification of patients with hyperventilation syndrome.

Introduction: Measurement of ventilatory efficiency, defined as minute ventilation per unit carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2), by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been proposed as a screen for hyperventilation syndrome (HVS). However, increased VE/VCO2 may be associated with other disorders which need to be distinguished from HVS. A more specific marker of HVS by CPET would be clinically useful.

Release parameters during progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons in a mouse model reveal earlier impairment of spontaneous than forced behaviors.

To determine the role of reduced dopaminergic transmission for declines of forced versus spontaneous behavior, we used a model of Parkinson's disease with progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons, the MitoPark mouse. Mice were subjected to rotarod tests of motor coordination, and open field and cylinder tests for spontaneous locomotor activity and postural axial support. To measure DA release in dorsal striatum and the shell of Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), we used ex vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in 6- to 24-week-old mice.

Survey design for broad-scale, territory-based occupancy monitoring of a raptor: Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) as a case study.

Given the uncertain population status of low-density, widely-occurring raptors, monitoring changes in abundance and distribution is critical to conserving populations. Nest-based monitoring is a common, useful approach, but the difficulty and expense of monitoring raptor nests and importance of reliable trend data to conservation requires that limited resources are allocated efficiently. Power analyses offer a helpful tool to ensure that monitoring programs have the ability to detect trends and to optimize financial resources devoted to monitoring.

In vitro and in vivo characterization of the JAK1 selectivity of upadacitinib (ABT-494).

Background: Anti-cytokine therapies such as adalimumab, tocilizumab, and the small molecule JAK inhibitor tofacitinib have proven that cytokines and their subsequent downstream signaling processes are important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Tofacitinib, a pan-JAK inhibitor, is the first approved JAK inhibitor for the treatment of RA and has been shown to be effective in managing disease. However, in phase 2 dose-ranging studies tofacitinib was associated with dose-limiting tolerability and safety issues such as anemia.

Ventilatory Efficiency Identifies Patients Prone to Hypoxemia During One-Lung Ventilation.

Objectives: One-lung ventilation (OLV) may be complicated by hypoxemia. Ventilatory efficiency, defined as the ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (V/VCO), is increased with ventilation/perfusion mismatch and pulmonary artery hypertension, both of which may be associated with hypoxemia. Hence, the authors hypothesized increased V/VCO will predict hypoxemia during OLV.

Assessment of the FDA Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy for Transmucosal Immediate-Release Fentanyl Products.

Importance: Transmucosal immediate-release fentanyls (TIRFs), indicated solely for breakthrough cancer pain in opioid-tolerant patients, are subject to a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to prevent them from being prescribed inappropriately.

Objectives: To evaluate knowledge assessments of pharmacists, prescribers, and patients regarding appropriate TIRF use; to describe sponsor assessments, based on claims data, of whether the REMS program was meeting its goals; and to characterize how the FDA responded to REMS assessments.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Qualitative analysis of 4877 pages of FDA documents obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request, including 6 annual REMS assessment reports (2012-2017), FDA evaluations of these reports, and FDA-sponsor correspondence about safety issues.

Diet-Induced Obesity in Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Knockout Mice and Cannabinoid Receptor 1/2 Double-Knockout Mice.

Objective: Evidence suggests that cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) activation is associated with increased food intake and body weight gain. Human epidemiological studies, however, show decreased prevalence of obesity in cannabis users. Given the overlapping and complementary functions of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), mice lacking CB2R and mice lacking both CB1R and CB2R were studied.

Transient states of network connectivity are atypical in autism: A dynamic functional connectivity study.

There is ample evidence of atypical functional connectivity (FC) in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, transient relationships between neural networks cannot be captured by conventional static FC analyses. Dynamic FC (dFC) approaches have been used to identify repeating, transient connectivity patterns ("states"), revealing spatiotemporal network properties not observable in static FC.