Integrating electronic health records and GWAS summary statistics to predict the progression of autoimmune diseases from preclinical stages.

Autoimmune diseases often exhibit a preclinical stage before diagnosis. Electronic health record (EHR) based-biobanks contain genetic data and diagnostic information, which can identify preclinical individuals at risk for progression. Biobanks typically have small numbers of cases, which are not sufficient to construct accurate polygenic risk scores (PRS).

Lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Aims: This study tested the efficacy and safety of a 12-week course of lisdexamfetamine in reducing methamphetamine use, an outcome which is associated with improvements in health and wellbeing, in people dependent on methamphetamine.

Design, Setting And Participants: This study was a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in six specialist outpatient clinics in Adelaide, Melbourne, Newcastle and Sydney, Australia (2018-2021). Participants were164 adults with methamphetamine dependence, reporting at least 14 use days out of the previous 28 days (62% male, 38% female, < 1% other; mean age 39 years).

Magnetic signals from oceanic tides: new satellite observations and applications.

The tidal flow of seawater across the Earth's magnetic field induces electric currents and magnetic fields within the ocean and solid Earth. The amplitude and phase of the induced fields depend on the electrical properties of both seawater and the solid Earth, and thus can be used as proxies to study the seabed properties or potentially for monitoring long-term trends in the global ocean climatology. This article presents new global oceanic tidal magnetic field models and their uncertainties for four tidal constituents, including [Formula: see text] and even [Formula: see text], which was not reliably retrieved previously.

Quantitative flow ratio versus fractional flow reserve for coronary revascularisation guidance (FAVOR III Europe): a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) or non-hyperaemic pressure ratios are recommended to assess functional relevance of intermediate coronary stenosis. Both diagnostic methods require the placement of a pressure wire in the coronary artery during invasive coronary angiography. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is an angiography-based computational method for the estimation of FFR that does not require the use of pressure wires.

Important intergenerational transmission of knowledge in promotion of well-being and cultural identity in Greenland.

The "Kinguaariit Inuunerissut" (KI) camps, meaning "generations in well-being" in Greenlandic, was a pilot initiative designed to enhance cultural identity and intergenerational connections through culturally relevant activities. The outcomes of the KI-camps have informed the development of a broader KI-concept aiming at tailoring and implementing elements from KI-camps into early childhood education services, after-school programmes, and schools. In this paper we present the results from three workshop held in January 2024 in Sisimiut, Greenland where 28 older participants and 28 professionals were asked about essential knowledge and skills to be passed down to younger generations.

Knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and self-efficacy related to evidence-based practice among healthcare professionals working in the municipal healthcare service in Norway: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Practicing the process of evidence-based practice (EBP) may be challenging for healthcare professionals and may be affected by their EBP knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior. We have some insight into how Norwegian healthcare professionals and students perceive EBP. However, research on the perception of EBP among primary healthcare professionals working in the Norwegian municipal health service is lacking.

Involving community pharmacies in management of late effects of cancer treatment: Opinions from cancer survivors.

Background: More than 50 % of cancer survivors experience late effects of cancer (LEC). Current models of follow-up care often prove inadequate, resulting in unresolved LEC. Given the pivotal role of community pharmacists as the most accessible healthcare professionals and the demonstrated benefits of evidence-based pharmacy services on patient centered care, exploring the potential contribution of community pharmacies in managing LEC is relevant.

Projected Cost Savings of a Community Health Worker Model for Asthma Home Visits in the Massachusetts Pediatric Medicaid Population.

Introduction: The community health worker-led asthma home visiting model (CHW model) improved asthma outcomes and reduced health care costs among Massachusetts children with asthma. We projected cost savings associated with the expansion of the CHW model among pediatric Massachusetts Medicaid (MassHealth)-eligible patients with uncontrolled asthma (≥2 asthma-related emergency department visits per year).

Methods: We estimated 2019 costs associated with asthma-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits for MassHealth pediatric patients with uncontrolled asthma who also had 365 days of Medicaid eligibility in 2019.

Retinal microvascular remodeling associates with adverse events in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device-supported patients.

Background: Continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (cfLVAD) use is effective in supporting patients with end-stage heart failure (ESHF). Reduced flow pulsatility within the systemic circulation in cfLVAD-supported patients may lead to alterations within the microcirculation. Temporal changes in microvasculature in relation to adverse events in cfLVAD-supported patients have not been studied.

Impact of MoS Monolayers on the Thermoelastic Response of Silicon Heterostructures.

Understanding the thermoelastic response of a nanostructure is crucial for the choice of materials and interfaces in electronic devices with improved and tailored transport properties at the nanoscale. Here, we show how the deposition of a MoS monolayer can strongly modify the nanoscale thermoelastic dynamics of silicon substrates close to their interface. We demonstrate this by creating a transient grating with extreme ultraviolet light, using ultrashort free-electron laser pulses, whose ≈84 nm period is comparable to the size of elements typically used in nanodevices, such as electric contacts and nanowires.

Association of overweight and obesity with coronary risk factors and the presence of multivessel disease in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease - A nationwide registry study.

Background: The growing prevalence of obesity is expected to increase the burden of coronary artery disease. This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with a first-time diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease in a contemporary population. The association of body-mass-index (BMI) with age, traditional risk factors, and the presence of multivessel disease were explored.

A summary of the main themes and findings presented at the ASM Intermountain Branch meeting (2024).

The annual meeting for the Intermountain Branch was held in April 2024 on the campus of Brigham Young University. There were 127 branch members from Utah, Idaho, and Nevada who attended the meeting and were composed of undergraduate students, graduate or medical students, and faculty. This report highlights the diversity of, and the emerging trends in, the research conducted by American Society for Microbiology members in the Intermountain Branch.

Long-Term Effects of a Primary Weight Gain Prevention Intervention among Healthy Weight Obesity Susceptible Children: Results from the Healthy Start Study.

Introduction: Primary prevention is a public health strategy that hitherto has not been widely applied in obesity prevention research. The objectives were to examine the long-term effects of the Healthy Start primary obesity prevention study, an intervention conducted among healthy weight children susceptible to develop obesity.

Methods: At baseline, children (2-6 years) were allocated to the intervention group (n = 271), the control group (n = 272), or the shadow control group (n = 383).

A potential novel treatment for cirrhosis-related ascites: Empagliflozin is safe and tolerable in advanced chronic liver disease.

Aims: Advanced chronic liver disease and advanced chronic liver disease-related ascites have a high mortality. The pharmacological treatment of ascites and fluid overload has changed little over time. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor is an untested potential novel treatment in cirrhosis, as it has survival benefits in heart failure, which has similar pathophysiological fluid overload mechanisms.

Simulation of coronary fractional flow reserve and whole-cycle flow based on optical coherence tomography in individual patients with coronary artery disease.

Computer simulations of coronary fractional flow reserve (FFR) based on coronary imaging have emerged as an attractive alternative to invasive measurements. However, most methods are proprietary and employ non-physiological assumptions. Our aims were to develop and validate a physiologically realistic open-source simulation model for coronary flow, and to use this model to predict FFR based on intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) data in individual patients.

Reducing cardiometabolic risk with semaglutide in type 1 diabetes (RESET1): Study protocol of a phase 2 double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Premature cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in people living with type 1 diabetes. Therapies are urgently needed to address cardiovascular risk in this group. Semaglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events and improve weight and glycaemia in type 2 diabetes.

Unintended Deformation of Stents During Bifurcation PCI: An OCTOBER Trial Substudy.

Background: Unintended deformation of implanted coronary stents can lead to loss of coronary access, stent thrombosis and coronary events during follow-up. The incidence, mechanisms and clinical outcomes of unintended stent deformations (USD) during complex bifurcation stenting are not well characterized.

Objectives: In a prespecified analysis of the OCTOBER (European Trial on Optical Coherence Tomography Optimized Bifurcation Event Reduction) trial, we aimed to: 1) determine the incidence and characterize mechanisms of USD identified by optical coherence tomography (OCT); and 2) evaluate physician's detection and correction of accidental abluminal rewiring and USD.

Cytokinin-deficient Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CRISPR-Cas9 mutants show reduced ability to prime resistance of tobacco against bacterial infection.

Although microalgae have only recently been recognized as part of the plant and soil microbiome, their application as biofertilizers has a tradition in sustainable crop production. Under consideration of their ability to produce the plant growth-stimulating hormone cytokinin (CK), known to also induce pathogen resistance, we have assessed the biocontrol ability of CK-producing microalgae. All pro- and eukaryotic CK-producing microalgae tested were able to enhance the tolerance of tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae pv.

A 72-h sedated porcine model of traumatic spinal cord injury.

Introduction: There is an increasing focus on the prevention of secondary injuries following traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), especially through improvement of spinal cord perfusion and immunological modulation. Such therapeutic strategies require translational and controlled animal models of disease progression of the acute phases of human TSCI.

Research Question: Is it possible to establish a 72-h sedated porcine model of incomplete thoracic TSCI, enabling controlled use of continuous, invasive, and non-invasive modalities during the entire sub-acute phase of TSCI?

Material And Methods: A sham-controlled trial was conducted to establish the model, and 10 animals were assigned to either sham or TSCI.