Statistical Fragility of Findings From Randomized Phase 3 Trials in Pediatric Oncology.

Purpose: The fragility index (FI) is an adjunctive metric to facilitate the interpretation of p-values in clinical trials. The FI has not been studied in phase 3 trials in pediatric oncology.

Methods: PubMed was used to identify phase 3 pediatric oncology trials published between 1980 and 2020.

"I feel so small and big at the same time"-exploring body experience and binge eating disorder following inpatient treatment: a qualitative study.

Background: Limited research into binge eating disorder (BED), a low treatment rate, and a lack of treatment rights, reflects a marginalized disorder in society and a treatment context.

Aim: The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the psychopathology of BED, by exploring the patients' meanings related to the disorder and the role of the body in the treatment of BED.

Method: Qualitative methodology using a reflexive thematic analysis.

Identifying and quantifying exposures involving counterfeit opioid analgesic products.

Introduction: The increasing presence of counterfeit opioid drugs in the United States can contaminate data collection systems and confound estimates derived from surveillance of the opioid epidemic. Data sources and analyses that can quantify the contribution of counterfeit opioid products are needed to provide accurate and timely data to inform public health responses. We describe a novel approach to identify and quantify intentional abuse and misuse exposures involving suspected counterfeit opioid products in United States poison center data.

Clinical Effects of Psychedelic Substances Reported to United States Poison Centers: 2012 to 2022.

Study Objective: Psychedelic substances use is increasing in the United States (US). The approval of new psychedelic drugs and legalization of natural psychedelic substances will likely further increase exposures and subsequent adverse events. The study objective is to describe the clinical effects, therapies, and medical outcomes of patients with psychedelic exposures reported to US poison centers.

A 10-week implementation of the FIT FIRST FOR ALL school-based physical activity concept effectively improves cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in 7-16-year-old schoolchildren.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of the FIT FIRST FOR ALL school-based physical activity program on health-related physical fitness in Faroese schoolchildren. The program aimed to add three weekly sessions of organized high-intensity physical activity to the standard weekly physical education sessions for all pupils across the entire school.

Methods: A non-randomized controlled design was used to evaluate the effects of the program.

Comparison of lung volumes measured with computed tomography and whole-body plethysmography - a systematic review.

Introduction: Whole-body plethysmography is the preferred method for measuring the static lung volumes: total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV), as it also incorporates trapped gas - a common finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Quantitative computed tomography (CT) is a promising alternative to plethysmography, which can be challenging to perform for patients with severely impaired lung function. The present systematic review explores the agreement between lung volumes measured by plethysmography and CT, as well as the attempts being made to optimize alignment between these two methods.

Evaluation of a football fitness implementation initiative for an older adult population in a small-scale island society.

Background: The proportion of older people increases globally, which calls for sustainable interventions promoting healthy aging. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential of Football Fitness as a sustainable model to promote quality of life, mental health, and physical function for older adult.

Methods: The study was conducted in collaboration with a municipality, a football club, and a university, and was designed as a randomized controlled trial.

Use of a Calving Blind That Imitates a Natural Environment.

Many indoor-housed cows isolate at calving when given the opportunity, and calving behaviors vary by blind and pen design. The objectives of this study were to determine if cows preferred calving in a visibly separated (blind) or an open area of a group maternity pen, and if there was a preference for the degree of seclusion provided by the blind (50% vs. 100% coverage).

Phased nanopore assembly with Shasta and modular graph phasing with GFAse.

Reference-free genome phasing is vital for understanding allele inheritance and the impact of single-molecule DNA variation on phenotypes. To achieve thorough phasing across homozygous or repetitive regions of the genome, long-read sequencing technologies are often used to perform phased de novo assembly. As a step toward reducing the cost and complexity of this type of analysis, we describe new methods for accurately phasing Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequence data with the Shasta genome assembler and a modular tool for extending phasing to the chromosome scale called GFAse.

The Therapeutic Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in MS-A Review Focusing on Neuroprotective Properties.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a great need for treatment with the ability to suppress compartmentalized inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) and to promote remyelination and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapeutic option, as they have been shown to migrate to the site of CNS injury and exert neuroprotective properties, including immunomodulation, neurotrophic factor secretion, and endogenous neural stem cell stimulation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms and discusses the translation of MSC transplantation and their derivatives from pre-clinical demyelinating models to clinical trials with MS patients.

Mobilisation during mechanical ventilation: A qualitative study exploring the practice of conscious patients, nurses and physiotherapists in intensive care unit.

Aim: To explore the practice of mobilisation of conscious and mechanically ventilated patients and the interaction between patients, nurses and physiotherapists.

Background: Long-term consequences of critical illness can be reduced by mobilisation starting in Intensive Care Units, but implementation in clinical practice is presently sparse.

Design: A qualitative study with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach.

Postictal Encephalopathy After Status Epilepticus: Outcome and Risk Factors.

Background: Postictal encephalopathy is well known after status epilepticus (SE), but its prognostic impact and triggers are unknown. Here, we aimed to establish risk factors for the development of postictal encephalopathy and to study its impact on survival after discharge.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised adult patients diagnosed with first nonanoxic SE at Odense University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2017.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake concerns in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Key population and healthcare workers perspectives.

Key populations (KP) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), including female sex workers (SW), are disproportionally affected by HIV. Quantitative feedback surveys were conducted at seven health facilities in DRC with 70 KP clients enrolled in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services to measure benefits and concerns. The surveys also assessed satisfaction with PrEP services and experiences of stigma at the health facilities.

Effects of vocal fold adduction on the particle deposition in the glottis: A numerical analysis and in vitro assessment.

Background: The efficacy of inhalation therapy depends on the drug deposition in the human respiratory tract. This study investigates the effects of vocal fold adduction on the particle deposition in the glottis.

Methods: A realistic mouth-throat (MT) geometry was built based on CT images of a healthy adult (MT-A).

Labour conditions in dual-cadre community health worker programmes: a systematic review.

Background: Health care delivered by community health workers reduces morbidity and mortality while providing a considerable return on investment. Despite growing consensus that community health workers, a predominantly female workforce, should receive a salary, many community health worker programmes take the form of dual-cadre systems, where a salaried cadre of community health workers works alongside a cadre of unsalaried community health workers. We aimed to determine the presence, prevalence, and magnitude of exploitation in national dual-cadre programmes.

Evaluation of prevalence and outcomes of serial tyrosine kinase inhibitor use in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (mTKIs) are increasingly utilized in the treatment of pediatric sarcomas and other solid tumors. It is unknown whether serial treatment with multiple TKIs provides a benefit and which patients are most likely to benefit from mTKI rechallenge.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric cancer patients who received serial mTKI therapy off-study between 2007 and 2020 as either monotherapy or combination therapy.

Fc multimers effectively treat murine models of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with limited therapeutic options. Recombinant Fc multimers (rFc), designed to mirror many of the anti-inflammatory activities of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG), have been shown to effectively treat numerous immune-mediated diseases in rodents. In this study we used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS to test the efficacy of a rFc, M019, that consists of multimers of the Fc portion of IgG2, in inhibiting disease severity.

The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome.

The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble because of its complex repeat structure that includes long palindromes, tandem repeats and segmental duplications. As a result, more than half of the Y chromosome is missing from the GRCh38 reference sequence and it remains the last human chromosome to be finished. Here, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium presents the complete 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference, showing the complete ampliconic structures of gene families TSPY, DAZ and RBMY; 41 additional protein-coding genes, mostly from the TSPY family; and an alternating pattern of human satellite 1 and 3 blocks in the heterochromatic Yq12 region.

Reliability and Validity of the Hook Test for Diagnosis of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures.

Purpose: Although the initial description of the distal biceps tendon (DBT) hook test (HT) reported 100% sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp), subsequent retrospective series have demonstrated imperfect validity. The purpose of this investigation was to prospectively assess the validity and reliability of the HT for complete DBT ruptures. We aimed to determine the Sn/Sp and interrater reliability for the HT.

Quantitative somatosensory testing of the abdomen: establishing initial reference values across developmental age and biological sex.

Abdominal pain is a common symptom of several debilitating conditions (eg, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and endometriosis) and affects individuals throughout their lifespan. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) reference values exist for many body sites but not the abdomen. Using a QST battery adapted from the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain, we collected QST data on the upper and lower abdomen in 181 pain-free participants, ages 12 to 50 years, to establish reference values by age and biological sex.

Broken tails in Holstein dairy cattle: A cross-sectional study.

Dairy cows are regularly handled when moved to the milking parlor and during other routine procedures. Low-stress handling methods are important in avoiding negative welfare states for dairy cattle. Tail twisting is used by some handlers to prompt cattle movement.

Complement component C1q is an immunological rheostat that regulates Fc:Fc[Formula: see text]R interactions.

Though binding sites for the complement factor C1q and the canonical fragment crystallizable (Fc) gamma receptors (Fc[Formula: see text]Rs) on immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules overlap, how C1q decoration of immune complexes (ICs) influences their ability to engage Fc[Formula: see text]Rs remains unknown. In this report, we use recombinant human Fc multimers as stable IC mimics to show that C1q engagement of ICs directly and transiently inhibits their interactions with Fc[Formula: see text]RIII (CD16) on human natural killer (NK) cells. This inhibition occurs by C1q engagement alone as well as in concert with other serum factors.

Epidemiological Characteristics of School Playground Injuries.

Reports of children's play-related injuries have remained stagnant according to epidemiology studies of the past 3 decades. This article provides a unique look into the context of playground injuries within an entire school district, demonstrating the prevalence of these injuries. This study reports that playgrounds are the leading location of school injury, comprising one-third of all elementary school injuries.

A draft human pangenome reference.

Here the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium presents a first draft of the human pangenome reference. The pangenome contains 47 phased, diploid assemblies from a cohort of genetically diverse individuals. These assemblies cover more than 99% of the expected sequence in each genome and are more than 99% accurate at the structural and base pair levels.