Antiplasmodial evidence, host mitochondrial biology and possible mechanisms of action of a composite extract of and in -infected mice.

A. Juss (Meliaceae) (AI) and L. (Zingiberaceae) (CL) are used for malaria treatment but their anti-glycolytic and host mitochondrial effects have not been studied.

Protective Potential of Methanol Extract of Drymaria cordata Willd. ex Schult (MEDC) on Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Via Modulation of Apoptotic Markers, Sex Hormones and Antioxidant Status in Rat Model.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological disorder among reproductive-aged women and a major cause of infertility. Different treatment options are being employed but with side effects. This has mandated alternative treatment options, especially complementary therapy.

Mefloquine-curcumin combinations improve host mitochondrial respiration and decrease mitotoxic effects of mefloquine in -infected mice.

infection is a health challenge. Although, antiplasmodial drugs kill the parasites, information on the effects of infection and drugs on the expression of some genes is limited. Malaria was induced in two different studies using NK65 (chloroquine-susceptible, study 1), and ANKA (chloroquine-resistant, study 2) strains of in 30 male Swiss mice (n = 5) in each study.

Mechanism of antimalarial action and mitigation of infection-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by phyto-constituents of Andrographis paniculata ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Andrographis paniculata (AP) ((Burm f.) Wall. ex Nees) is a medicinal plant, documented for its folkloric use in the treatment of malaria.

Reversal of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and pancreas degeneration by chloroform fraction of (L.) leaf extract in type 2 diabetic rat model.

Unmanaged Diabetes Mellitus (DM) usually results to tissue wastage because of mitochondrial dysfunction. Adverse effects of some drugs used in the management of DM necessitates the search for alternative therapy from plant origin with less or no side effects. (L.

Modulatory effect of ciprofloxacin, a broad spectrum antibacterial drug, on mPT pore using rat model with estradiol benzoate-induced endometrial hyperplasia.

Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore has become a motive for drug evolvement pertinent to dysregulated apoptosis situations. Some chemical compounds impede tumor/cancer via the inception of mPT pore opening. Ciprofloxacin has been demonstrated to hinder growth and effect apoptosis in some cancer cells.

Chloroform Fraction of Linn (CFDC) Suppresses Estradiol Benzoate- Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia.

Background: The diagnosis of uterine dysfunction (endometrial hyperplasia) is on the rise. The available treatment is quite expensive and associated with some side effects. The therapeutic potential of natural products is now being explored, as they are easily available with little or no side effects.

Hexane fraction of induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in -infected mice.

Background: Apoptosis is a common pathology in malaria and most antimalarial drugs induce apoptosis during chemotherapy. is an African mistletoe used for the treatment of malaria but its effect on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis is not known.

Methods: Malarial infection was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of NK 65 strain -infected erythrocytes into mice which were treated with graded doses (100-400 mg/kg) of methanol extract (ME), and fractions of -hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol (HF, DF, EF and MF) for 9 days after the confirmation of parasitemia.

Experimental and molecular docking studies of quercetin and vitamin E with diabetes-associated mitochondrial-ATPase as anti-apoptotic therapeutic strategies.

Purpose: Researches have shown the relevance of antioxidants in the management of several diseases. In the present study, the effects of quercetin and vitamin E were investigated on the mitochondrial functions in vivo and in silico.

Methods: Structures of quercetin and vitamin E were docked against mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase), and cytochrome c cavity.

In vitro effects of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol purified from Alstonia boonei on erythrocyte membrane stabilization and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.

A recent review on the ethnomedicinal, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of Alstonia boonei revealed the plant's potential in the treatment and management of a range of diseases. However, most of these pharmacological effects are only traceable to the crude form of the plant extract and not specific natural products. Phytochemical investigation of the methanol fraction of the methanol extract of the stem-bark of Alstonia boonei led to the isolation and identification of 2-methyl-3-propylbutane-1,4-diol.

The roles of betulinic acid on circulating concentrations of creatine kinase and immunomodulation in mice infected with chloroquine-susceptible and resistant strains of .

Complete malarial therapy depends largely on the immunological and inflammatory response of the host to the invading potentials of malarial parasite. In this study, we evaluated the roles of betulinic acid on immunological response, anti-inflammatory potentials, cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue damage in mice infected with chloroquine susceptible (NK 65) and resistant (ANKA) strains of . Serum Interleukins 1β and 6 (IL-1β, IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), immunoglobulins G and M (IgG and IgM), C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined using ELISA technique.

Quercetin and vitamin E ameliorate cardio-apoptotic risks in diabetic rats.

Apoptosis is upregulated in all forms of diabetes, and the mitochondria act as target in diabetes pathophysiology. Quercetin and vitamin E have both shown usefulness in the delay of progression of diabetes-induced complications. However, their effect on the apoptotic process in diabetes mellitus is unknown.

Cajanus cajan ameliorated CCl-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats via the combined mechanisms of anti-inflammation and mitochondrial-membrane transition pore inhibition.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Liver diseases is a public health issue in sub-saharan Africa and has been reported to be the major cause of many hospital admissions. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation play important roles in several diseases including liver injury. Cajanus cajan is an indigenous medicinal plant useful in the traditional treatment of jaundice, inflammation and liver injury.

Terpene-rich fractions of Ficus mucoso (Welw) modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators and aberrant permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in murine animal model.

Ficus mucoso is traditionally used to treat bronchial infections. This study compared the efficacy of terpene-rich fractions of F. mucoso root bark on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation, liver mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), an index of mitochondrial health, and associated pathological alterations.

Methanol fraction of (welw) prevents iron-induced oxidative damage and alters mitochondrial dysfunction in .

The present study investigated the antioxidant and cyto-/mito-protective roles of Methanol Fraction of (MFFM) in iron-induced oxidative damage in At first, 10-day survival rates were carried out separately on FeSO and MFFM, respectively, after which ameliorative effects of MFFM were investigated on FeSO-induced toxicity for 5 days using biochemical and behavioral markers. Additionally, mitochondria were isolated from treated to assess mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT) pore opening. The results showed that FeSO significantly reduced survival rate, total thiol level and activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in .

Antimalarial and Erythrocyte Membrane Stability Properties of (Engle Van Tiegh) Growing on Cocoa in -Infected Mice.

Introduction: Resistant malaria is a fatal disease. (African Mistletoe) is traditionally used for malarial treatment but this fact has not been scientifically reported.

Methods: (NK65)-infected male Swiss mice (20±2 g) were treated orally and once daily with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW of methanol extract and its respective hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions for 9 days.

Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of the n-Hexane Fraction of Stem Bark in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rats.

Background: Inflammation is a protective response of the host to infections and tissue damage and medicinal plants have been used to regulate inflammatory response. The phytochemical contents of the -hexane fraction of and their anti-inflammatory potentials in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were investigated in rat liver.

Materials And Methods: A quantity of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in twenty-five male Wistar rats, grouped (n = 5) and treated as follows: negative control (10 mL/kg saline), positive control (1 mg/kg ibuprofen); 50, 100 and 20 mg/kg of the -hexane fraction of were administered to test groups.

INFLUENCE OF ARTESUNATE COMBINATIVE THERAPY CO-ADMINISTRATION WITH RUTIN ON INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI-INFECTED MICE.

Some antimalarial drugs are immune-modulators that impact multiple pathways of innate immunity in malarial treatment. However, information on the immunomodulatory effects of artequine and rutin in the treatment of malaria remains elusive. Twenty-five Swiss mice (18 ± 2 g) were used for this study.

Plumbagin induces testicular damage via mitochondrial-dependent cell death.

Different aspects of reproductive functions are regulated by mitochondrial-controlled events. This study investigated the effect of plumbagin (PL) on testicular mitochondria with a view to unravelling the mechanism of the antifertility potential of plumbagin in testis of healthy rats. Thirty-two male Wistar strain albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups of eight animals each.

inhibition of beta-hematin formation and effects of and methanol extracts on chloroquine-susceptible -induced malaria in mice.

Background And Aim: This study was carried out to investigate antiplasmodial activities of () and () in -infected mice.

Materials And Methods: Air-dried stem of and root of were soaked in methanol, decanted and concentrated to give extracts. Parts of these extracts were partitioned successively to give dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions.

Fractions of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Compositae) induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in rats: Possible option in monosodium glutamate-induced hepatic and uterine pathological disorder.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Several pathological disorders have been attributed to either oxidative stress or defect in apoptotic signaling pathway. Some bioactive compounds elicit their antiproliferative properties by induction of apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening.

Aim Of Study: The present study therefore investigated the effects of various fractions of methanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides L.

Stigmasterol isolated from the chloroform fraction of Benth fruit induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in rat liver.

Objectives: Decoction of fruit is used in folkloric medicine for treating dysmenorrhea and gonorrhea. Phytochemicals from may be potent in inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis via the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of stigmasterol isolated from the chloroform fraction of (CFAB) and also the increasing concentration of CFAB on the opening of rat liver mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore.

Modulatory effect of methanol extract of stem bark on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in normal rat liver and monosodium glutamate-induced uterine hyperplasia.

Objectives: Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop in many women of reproductive age. Surgery is the main approach to treatment while other options are also associated with adverse effects. Studies have shown that certain bioactive agents present in medicinal plants elicit their anti-tumor activity by induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) opening.