Risk factors for loneliness among older informal caregivers in regions of Finland and Sweden: a longitudinal study.

Aims: This longitudinal study investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for loneliness among older new informal caregivers, long-term informal caregivers, former informal caregivers and non-caregivers in selected regions of Finland and Sweden over 5 years.

Methods: A longitudinal sample of 5083 respondents from the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) survey data in 2016 and 2021 was used. Bivariate correlation tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

The association between gait speed and depressive disorders - A cross-sectional analysis of very old adults in the 21st century.

Objectives: To investigate the association between gait speed and depressive disorders among very old adults (≥85 years).

Method: This study utilized the GERDA-database, which encompasses a representative sample of those aged 85, 90, and 95+ years residing in northern Sweden and western Finland. From four data collections between 2000 and 2017, this study included 1794 participants.

Feasibility of a person-centred multidimensional interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme in community-dwelling people with dementia: a randomised controlled pilot trial.

Background: A team-based, individualised rehabilitation approach may be required to meet the complex needs of people with dementia. This randomised controlled pilot trial evaluated the feasibility of a person-centred multidimensional interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme for community-dwelling older people with dementia and their informal primary caregivers.

Methods: Participants with dementia were randomised to an intervention group (n = 31, mean age (SD) 78.

Transition-Metal-Free -Diarylations to Reach All-Carbon Quaternary Centers.

Herein, we disclose a convenient protocol for the α-diarylation of carbon nucleophiles to yield heavily functionalized quaternary products. Diaryliodonium salts are utilized to transfer both aryl groups under transition-metal-free conditions, which enables an atom-efficient and high-yielding method with broad functional group tolerance. The methodology is amenable to a wide variety of carbon nucleophiles and can be utilized in late-stage functionalization of complex arenes.

Prevalence of depressive disorders among the very old in the 21st century.

Background: The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of depressive disorders in very old adults over time, in rural/urban environments, between men/women, as well as to explore other factors associated with depressive disorders.

Methods: This study was conducted utilizing the GERDA-database data, which consists of four cohorts of 85, 90 and 95+ year olds living in Northern Sweden. Participants could reside independently or in residential care.

Perioperative patient safety indicators-A Delphi study.

Aim: To identify, define and achieve consensus on perioperative patient safety indicators within a Swedish context.

Design: A modified Delphi method.

Methods: A purposeful sample of 22 experts, all experienced operating room nurse specialists, was recruited for this study.

The hinge-engineered IgG1-IgG3 hybrid subclass IgGh potently enhances Fc-mediated function of anti-streptococcal and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Streptococcus pyogenes can cause invasive disease with high mortality despite adequate antibiotic treatments. To address this unmet need, we have previously generated an opsonic IgG1 monoclonal antibody, Ab25, targeting the bacterial M protein. Here, we engineer the IgG2-4 subclasses of Ab25.

Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in very old people in Sweden.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden implemented social distancing measures to reduce infection rates. However, the recommendation meant to protect individuals particularly at risk may have had negative consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on very old Swedish peoples' mental health and factors associated with a decline in mental health.

Validity and test-retest reliability of the Swedish version of the Geriatric Depression Scale among very old adults.

Background: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) has shown good validity and reliability, but few studies have examined the GDS among very old adults or the Swedish translation.

Objectives: Evaluate the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of GDS-15 among very old adults.

Methods: In the Umeå85 + /GErontological Regional DAtabase (GERDA) study, 387 participants were assessed with both the GDS-15 and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).

Self-rated health in old age, related factors and survival: A 20-Year longitudinal study within the Silver-MONICA cohort.

Introduction: Self-rated health (SRH) offers insights into the evolving health demographics of an ageing population.

Aim: To assess change in SRH from old age to very old age and their associations with health and well-being factors, and to investigate the association between SRH and survival.

Methods: All participants in the MONICA 1999 re-examination born before 1940 (n = 1595) were included in the Silver-MONICA baseline cohort.

Structure-reactivity analysis of novel hypervalent iodine reagents in -vinylation of thiols.

The transition-metal free -vinylation of thiophenols by vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) constituted an important step forward in hypervalent iodine-mediated vinylations, highlighting the difference to vinyliodonium salts and that the reaction outcome was influenced by the substitution pattern of the benziodoxolone core. In this study, we report several new classes of hypervalent iodine vinylation reagents; vinylbenziodazolones, vinylbenziodoxolonimine and vinyliodoxathiole dioxides. Their synthesis, structural and electronic properties are described and correlated to the -vinylation outcome, shedding light on some interesting facets of these reagents.

Having Plans for the Future in Very Old People.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of having plans for the future among very old people and the factors associated with having such plans. A longitudinal population-based study with home visits for 85-, 90-, and ≥95-year-old participants in Sweden and Finland was used. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards regression models with a maximum 5-year follow-up period were used.

Longer work experience and age associated with safety attitudes in operating room nurses: an online cross-sectional study.

Background: Patient safety is fundamental when providing care in the operating room. Still, adverse events and errors are a challenge for patient safety worldwide. To avoid preventable patient harm, organisations need a positive safety culture, the measurable component of which is known as the safety climate.

Pathogen-driven degradation of endogenous and therapeutic antibodies during streptococcal infections.

Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a major bacterial pathogen responsible for both local and systemic infections in humans. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here we show that the transition from a local to a systemic GAS infection is paralleled by pathogen-driven alterations in IgG homeostasis.

Synthesis of Complex Diarylamines through a Ring-Opening Difunctionalization Strategy.

The diarylation and skeletal diversification of unstrained cyclic amines was exploited to expand and modify the favorable properties of this important substrate class with pivotal roles in drug discovery. Cyclic amines were employed in the synthesis of a novel class of amino-substituted diaryliodonium salts, which were converted to highly functionalized diarylamines through an atom-efficient one-pot N-arylation/ring opening reaction with external nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds through in situ formation of a diarylammonium intermediate that undergoes a nucleophilic ring opening by cleavage of the strong C-N bond.

A focus groups study of staff team experiences of providing interdisciplinary rehabilitation for people with dementia and their caregivers-a co-creative journey.

Background: The World Health Organization claims that rehabilitation is important to meet the needs of persons with dementia. Rehabilitation programmes, however, are not routinely available. Person-centred, multidimensional, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation can increase the opportunities for older adults with dementia and their informal primary caregivers to continue to live an active life and participate in society.

The Femoral Nerve Block Setting the Agenda for Nursing Care of Older Patients With hip Fractures-A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Hip fractures among older people are common worldwide, and it is often associated with preoperative pain. Due to increased comorbidity and high age, traditional pain relief can be a challenge. An alternative to traditional pain relief is a femoral nerve block, which is safe and suitable for anesthesia and analgesia for hip fractures among patients with or without dementia.

The association between leisure engagement and loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Nordic population-based study.

Aim: The main aim of this study was to examine leisure engagement and loneliness among older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by analysing population-based data from western Finland and northern Sweden.

Methods: The data originated from the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) postal questionnaire study conducted in 2016 (=7996) and 2021 (=8148) among older adults aged 65, 70, 75, 80 and 85 years. Associations between loneliness and leisure engagement were analysed using logistic regression.

-Functionalization of azobenzenes hypervalent iodine reagents.

-Functionalized azobenzenes are much sought after molecular switches, as they may be tuned to absorb in the visible range of light and the ()-isomers can have high thermal half-lives. To enable straightforward access to these targets, we have developed a synthetic route novel -substituted azobenzene-functionalized diaryliodonium salts. Selective transfer of the azobenzene moiety to O-, N-, C- and S-nucleophiles under mild, transition metal-free conditions gives access to an unprecedented range of -substituted azobenzenes.

Subclass-switched anti-spike IgG3 oligoclonal cocktails strongly enhance Fc-mediated opsonization.

Antibodies play a central role in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2. Emerging evidence has shown that nonneutralizing antibodies are important for immune defense through Fc-mediated effector functions. Antibody subclass is known to affect downstream Fc function.

Is a hyperosmolar pump prime for cardiopulmonary bypass a risk factor for postoperative delirium? A double blinded randomised controlled trial.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is common after cardiac surgery. We have previously identified plasma sodium concentration and the volume of infused fluids during surgery as possible risk factors. Both are linked to the selection and composition of the pump prime used for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Temporal Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Trends in the Very Old in the 21st Century.

Background: Long-increasing dementia incidence and prevalence trends may be shifting. Whether such shifts have reached the very old is unknown.

Objective: To investigate temporal trends in the incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment and prevalence of dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and unclassified dementia among 85-, 90-, and ≥ 95-year-olds in Sweden during 2000-2017.

Stereospecific Photoredox-Catalyzed Vinylations to Functionalized Alkenes and C-Glycosides.

We report an efficient radical-mediated C-C coupling through photoredox-catalyzed reactions of 4-alkyl-dihydropyridines (DHPs) and vinylbenziodoxol(on)es (VBX, VBO). This transition-metal-free and mild photocatalytic method has excellent functional group tolerance and affords vinylated products in good yields, with complete retention of the alkene configuration. The utility of the methodology is demonstrated by the diastereoselective synthesis of C-vinyl glycosides.