[Visual field loss in eyes undergoing minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in Iceland].

Introduction: Glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the optic nerve and is marked by visual field defects (VFD). The only approved treatment is IOP lowering, either with eye drops, laser or surgery. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has become an appealing treatment modality, offering IOP lowering effect without the complication rates of trabeculectomy or the patient adherence required for pharmacologic therapy.

Topical noninvasive retinal drug delivery of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor: 3% cediranib maleate cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops in the rabbit eye.

Purpose: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit VEGF receptors. If delivered to the retina, they might inhibit oedema and neovascularization such as in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to formulate cediranib maleate, a potent VEGF inhibitor, as γ-cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops and measure the retinal delivery and overall ocular pharmacokinetics after a single-dose administration in rabbits.

Automation improves repeatability of retinal oximetry measurements.

Purpose: Retinal oximetry is a technique based on spectrophotometry where images are analyzed with software capable of calculating vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter. In this study, the effect of automation of measurements of retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter is explored.

Methods: Until now, operators have had to choose each vessel segment to be measured explicitly.

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops: Ocular pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effect on intraocular pressure.

Purpose: Orally administered angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). Topical administration may reduce systemic side effects and result in a useful glaucoma drug. The aim of this study is to test the ocular delivery and pharmacologic effect of nanoparticle eye drops containing ARBs (e.

Retinal oximetry: Metabolic imaging for diseases of the retina and brain.

Retinal oximetry imaging of retinal blood vessels measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. The imaging technology is non-invasive and reproducible with remarkably low variability on test-retest studies and in healthy cohorts. Pathophysiological principles and novel biomarkers in several retinal diseases have been discovered, as well as possible applications for systemic and brain disease.

[Medical management of glaucoma and interaction between glaucoma and systemic medications].

Introduction: Glaucoma used to be the most common cause for blindness in Iceland. As the incidence of glaucoma increases with age, the patients often have numerous comorbidities and use various medications. It is important to keep in mind interactions and side effects of glaucoma medications when deciding systemic medical treatment for these patients to ensure their safety and comfort.

Retinal oxygen metabolism in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: We have previously reported that retinal vessel oxygen saturation is increased in mild-to-moderate dementia of Alzheimer's type when compared with healthy individuals. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the predementia stage of the disease. The main purpose was to investigate if these changes are seen in MCI.

Retinal oximetry is affected in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Structural and physiological abnormalities have been reported in the retina in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Retinal oximetry has recently detected changes in retinal oxygen metabolism in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Our goal was to determine whether oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels of patients with patients is different from that of a healthy population.

Retinal Oximetry Discovers Novel Biomarkers in Retinal and Brain Diseases.

Purpose: Biomarkers for several eye and brain diseases are reviewed, where retinal oximetry may help confirm diagnosis or measure severity of disease. These include diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Retinal oximetry is based on spectrophotometric fundus imaging and measures oxygen saturation in retinal arterioles and venules in a noninvasive, quick, safe manner.

Retinal Vessel Oxygen Saturation during 100% Oxygen Breathing in Healthy Individuals.

Purpose: To detect how systemic hyperoxia affects oxygen saturation in retinal arterioles and venules in healthy individuals.

Methods: Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured in 30 healthy individuals with a spectrophotometric retinal oximeter (Oxymap T1). Oximetry was performed during breathing of room air, 100% oxygen (10 minutes, 6L/min) and then again room air (10 minutes recovery).

Retinal oxygen metabolism in exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To determine whether retinal vessel oxygen saturation in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is different from that of a healthy population.

Methods: Oxygen saturation was measured in retinal arterioles and venules in 46 eyes of 46 treatment-naïve exudative AMD patients and 120 eyes of 120 healthy controls. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to compare the two study groups.

Retinal oxygen metabolism in healthy subjects and glaucoma patients.

Background: To test whether retinal oxygen metabolism is different in glaucoma patients compared with healthy subjects.

Methods: This was a two-centre study where retinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured in glaucoma patients and healthy individuals with a non-invasive spectrophotometric retinal oximeter. Visual fields were obtained in the glaucoma patients.

Choroidal oximetry with a noninvasive spectrophotometric oximeter.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish a new technology to measure hemoglobin oxygen saturation in human choroidal vasculature with a noninvasive spectrophotometric oximeter.

Methods: The fundus camera-based oximeter captures dual-wavelength oximetry images of the fundus and calculates optical density ratio (ODR), which is inversely related to hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Sixteen healthy and lightly pigmented individuals were imaged during normoxia and six during both normoxia and pure oxygen breathing (hyperoxia).

Phenylephrine 5% added to tropicamide 0.5% eye drops does not influence retinal oxygen saturation values or retinal vessel diameter in glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To test whether adding topical phenylephrine 5% to tropicamide 0.5% eye drops in the protocol for pupil dilation affects the retinal vessel oximeter measurements in patients with glaucoma. To test whether phenylephrine 5% has an influence as a vasoconstrictor on the retinal vessel width and can improve the proportion of high-quality retinal images in patients with glaucoma.

Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in healthy individuals.

Purpose: We measured oxygen saturation in retinal vessels of healthy eyes to determine the effects of age, sex, and cardiovascular parameters, as well as the reliability of the measurements and topographic differences.

Methods: The Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter is based on a fundus camera. It simultaneously captures retinal images at two different wavelengths and estimates retinal vessel oxygen saturation.

Retinal oximetry images must be standardized: a methodological analysis.

Purpose: Retinal vessel oximetry is a new technology and needs detailed methodological scrutiny. We determine (1) the repeatability of retinal vessel oxygen saturation measurements, (2) whether measured saturation is different between retinal quadrants, and (3) whether the angle of gaze changes measurements of the same vessels.

Methods: Fundus oximetry images were obtained from 26 healthy individuals, 18 to 30 years old, using the Oxymap retinal oximeter.

Retinal oximetry in primary open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE. To determine whether retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS.