International collaborative research projects conducted at academic research institutions, including complex basic science, clinical, and translational HIV/AIDS research, require intensive communication, coordination, and thoughtful relationship-building at all institutional levels and especially require the support of experienced and well-trained Research Administrators. To be successful, global research teams must be not only scientifically adept, but supported by a staff skilled in identifying opportunities, submitting proposals, and managing all aspects of award administration and reporting. Using a National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center funded training grant, the project team aimed to develop a comprehensive Research administration capacity-building program that would improve the support provided to investigators at Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Uganda through collaboration with the University of Virginia in the United States and expand future funding success for innovative HIV/AIDS and HIV-related research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth problems and illnesses encountered by unprotected workers, first-responders, home-owners, and volunteers in recovery and restoration of moldy indoor environments after hurricanes, typhoons, tropical storms, and flooding damage are a growing concern for healthcare providers and disaster medicine throughout the world. Damp building materials, particularly cellulose-containing substrates, are prone to fungal (mold) and bacterial infestation. During remediation and demolition work, the airborne concentrations of such microbes and their by-products can rise significantly and result in an exposure risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of assessments to characterize domestic violence perpetrators continues to develop with an emphasis on increasing the effectiveness of domestic violence interventions. The present study examines and compares Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2 responses from 41 English-speaking and 48 Spanish-speaking men who were in court-mandated domestic violence treatment programs. Data are analyzed on all validity, clinical, supplementary, and content scales using composite means and cluster analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs preferred provider organizations (PPOs) become the dominant model of managed health care in the private sector, policymakers have increasingly viewed PPOs as an attractive option for Medicare. In part to understand how PPOs might operate under the Medicare Program, CMS launched the Medicare PPO demonstration in January 2003. In this article, we examine how PPOs have operated so far under the demonstration, including PPO availability and market entry; premiums, benefits, and beneficiary cost sharing; and enrollment, market share, enrollee characteristics, and disenrollment to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: Serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as well as in the setting of congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to prospectively quantify the relationship between BNP levels and cardiac outcomes after SAH.
Methods: Plasma was collected for BNP measurements as soon as possible after enrollment; a mean of 5+/-4 days after SAH symptom onset.
Clin Orthop Relat Res
March 2003
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare genetic disorder in which connective tissues are replaced with heterotopic bone through an endochondral process. Bone morphogenetic protein-4 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels are elevated in the cells of patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, but the molecular mechanism of this steady-state elevation is unknown. Nuclear run-on assays and messenger ribonucleic acid stability assays were done to examine the molecular mechanisms of increased bone morphogenetic protein-4 messenger ribonucleic acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
November 2002
Mutations are a hallmark of cancer. Normal cells minimize spontaneous mutations through the combined actions of polymerase base selectivity, 3' --> 5' exonucleolytic proofreading, mismatch correction, and DNA damage repair. To determine the consequences of defective proofreading in mammals, we created mice with a point mutation (D400A) in the proofreading domain of DNA polymerase delta (poldelta, encoded by the Pold1 gene).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Biochem
September 2001
Recombinant adenoviral vectors have been shown to be potential new tools for a variety of musculoskeletal defects. Much emphasis in the field of orthopedic research has been placed on developing systems for the production of bone. This study aims to determine the necessary conditions for sustained production of high levels of active bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) using a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5BMP2) capable of eliciting BMP2 synthesis upon infection and to evaluate the consequences for osteoprogenitor cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe sigma(D) regulon of Bacillus subtilis is composed of genes encoding proteins for flagellar synthesis, motility, and chemotaxis. Concurrent analyses of sigma(D) protein levels and flagellin mRNA demonstrate that sigD expression and sigma(D) activity are tightly coupled during growth in both complex and minimal media, although they exhibit different patterns of expression. We therefore used the sigma(D)-dependent flagellin gene (hag) as a model gene to study the effects of different nutritional environments on sigma(D)-dependent gene expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Health Perspect
June 1999
This is a review of exposure conditions, clinical presentation, and morbidity of children and adults with indoor fungal exposure such as toxic Stachybotrys chartarum. Indoor exposure was characterized using different methods including microscopic, culture, cytotoxicity screening tests, and chemical analyses. Clinical case histories and physical and laboratory findings are presented of children (age < 18 years, n = 22; mean age 9 years; 60% females) and adults (age >18 years, n = 125; mean age 39 years, 67% females) who consulted an environmental health specialty clinic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMurine embryonic overexpression of the c-fos protooncogene leads to early postnatal heterotopic chondrogenesis and osteogenesis with phenotypic features similar to those seen in children who have the disabling heritable disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The overexpression of Fos in embryonic stem cell chimeras leads to heterotopic endochondral osteogenesis at least in part through a bone morphogenetic protein 4 mediated signal transduction pathway. In contrast, early fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lesions express abundant bone morphogenetic protein 4, without abundant expression of c-Fos, suggesting that the primary molecular defect in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva may be independent of the sustained Fos effects on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Orthop Relat Res
January 1998
Bone morphogenetic protein 4, a potent osteogenic morphogen, has been implicated in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva because it is uniquely overexpressed in lymphoblastoid cells and preosseous fibroproliferative lesional cells of patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 signals through a heteromeric complex of serine/ threonine kinase receptors (type I and type II) on the surface of responding cells. Semi-quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to quantitate steady state levels of messenger ribonucleic acid expression for bone morphogenetic protein 4 and the bone morphogenetic protein receptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital malformation of the great toes and progressive heterotopic ossification in distinct anatomic patterns. Early preosseous lesions in FOP are clinically and histologically indistinguishable from the lesions of aggressive juvenile fibromatosis (AJF). Although the genetic defect in FOP is unknown, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2 and 4 are plausible candidates genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBone remodeling requires regulated tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by specific protein tyrosine kinases, such as c-src and c-fms, and to date, unknown protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). We previously reported the isolation of a novel bone-specific receptor PTP, named osteotesticular PTP (OST-PTP), which is regulated during osteoblast differentiation and after exposure to PTH. To determine the relevance of this PTH regulation, we characterized the PTH-induced increase in OST-PTP messenger RNA (mRNA) in UMR 106 cells in comparison with PTH effects on a related receptor PTP and a PTH regulated gene, rat collagenase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbsence of the tyrosine kinase activity of c-src and c-fms results in impairment of bone remodeling. Such dysfunction underscores the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation, yet the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in bone metabolism remains unexamined. We have isolated the cDNA for a novel receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase expressed in bone and testis named osteotesticular protein tyrosine phosphatase (OST-PTP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA major mechanism of regulation of mammalian protein synthesis initiation is accomplished by the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2. This modification inhibits the activity of another initiation factor, guanine nucleotide exchange factor, preventing conversion of eIF-2.GDP to eIF-2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfection of mouse L cells with mengovirus resulted in the activation of a protein kinase (PK) that selectively phosphorylated the small, 38,000-molecular-weight alpha subunit of eucaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) in vitro. The mengovirus-activated kinase was detected in vitro approximately 3 h after virus adsorption. The ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated eIF-2 also increased in vivo between 3 and 7 h after adsorption.
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