Molecular Flexibility in Solvated Crystals of the Dimer, Au(μ-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)I, with Three-Coordinate Gold(I).

We report the ability to trap the dimer Au(μ-dppe)I (dppe is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) with different separations between the three-coordinate gold ions in crystalline solvates. All of these solvates ((Au(μ-dppe)I·4(CHCl) (), Au(μ-dppe)I·2(CHCl) (), the polymorphs α-Au(μ-dppe)I·2(HC(O)NMe) () and β-Au(μ-dppe)I·2(HC(O)NMe) (), and Au(μ-dppe)I·4(CHCl) ()) along with polymeric {Au(μ-dppe)I}·(CHCl) ()) originated from the same reaction, only the solvent system used for crystallization differed. In the different solvates of Au(μ-dppe)I, the Au···Au separation varied from 3.

Rebuttal to the article Pathological crystal structures.

A section in the Acta Crystallographica Section C article by Raymond & Girolami [Acta Cryst. (2023), C79, 445-455] stated that the product of the reaction of [(Cp*Rh)(μ-OH)] (Cp* is 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene) with 1-methylthymine (1-MT) at pH 10 and 60 °C, to synthesize the anionic component [Rh(η-N-1-MT)], was not an Rh complex, but rather an Ag complex, due to the use of silver triflate (AgOTf) to remove Cl from [Cp*RhCl] to synthesize [Cp*Rh(HO)](OTf), a water-soluble crystalline complex. We will clearly show that this premise, as stated, is invalid, while the authors have simply avoided several important facts, including that Cp*OH, a reductive elimination product, at pH 10 and 60 °C, was unequivocally identified, thus leading to the Rh anionic component [Rh(η-N-1-MT)].

Chiral Teropyrenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Studies.

We present the inaugural synthesis of a chiral teropyrene achieved through a four-fold alkyne benzannulation catalyzed by InCl, resulting in good yields. The product underwent thorough characterization using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies, demonstrating a close agreement with calculated spectra. X-ray crystallographic analysis unveiled a notable twist in the molecule's backbone, with an end-to-end twist angle of 51°, consistent with computational predictions.

Altered reward processing following sucrose bingeing in male and female mice.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder associated with multiple adverse health effects, especially mental health issues, including substance use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders. Given these high comorbidities, the objective of our study was to examine whether bingeing behavior would lead to altered perception of reinforcing properties of EtOH and changes in well-being. We used a sucrose bingeing model based on an intermittent access paradigm with a two-bottle choice, without fasting, in male and female mice.

Assessing the feasibility, safety, and nutritional quality of using wild-caught pest flies in animal feed.

Studies have investigated the potential of using farmed insects in animal feeds; however, little research has been done using wild-caught insects for this purpose. Concerns about inadequate quantities collected, environmental impacts, and the spread of pathogens contribute to the preferred utilization of farmed insects. Nevertheless, by harvesting certain pest species from intensified agricultural operations, producers could provide their animals with affordable and sustainable protein sources while also reducing pest populations.

The Genome of the Yellow Mealworm, : It's Bigger Than You Think.

Background: Insects are a sustainable source of protein for human food and animal feed. We present a genome assembly, CRISPR gene editing, and life stage-specific transcriptomes for the yellow mealworm, , one of the most intensively farmed insects worldwide.

Methods: Long and short reads and long-range data were obtained from a male pupa.

Transcranial Phase Correction Using Pulse-Echo Ultrasound and Deep Learning: A 2-D Numerical Study.

Phase aberration caused by human skulls severely degrades the quality of transcranial ultrasound images, posing a major challenge in the practical application of transcranial ultrasound techniques in adults. Aberration can be corrected if the skull profile (i.e.

Structure and Luminescence Studies of Salts of the Helical Dication, [Au(μ-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane)] and Comparison with Salts of [Au(μ-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane)].

Six salts ([Au(μ-dppe)](BF)·CHCl, [Au(μ-dppe)](BF)·1,2-ClCH, [Au(μ-dppe)](PF)·CHCl, [Au(μ-dppe)](PF), [Au(μ-dppe)](SbF), and [Au(μ-dppe)](OTf)·2CHCl), (dppe is bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane) containing the dication, [Au(μ-dppe)], have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Unlike the three-coordinate dppe-bridged dimers, AuX(μ-dppe) (X = Br, I), which show considerable variation in the distance between the gold(I) ions over the range 3.0995(10) to 3.

Self-Assembled Encapsulation of CuX (X = Br, Cl) in a Gold Phosphine Box-like Cavity with Metallophilic Au-Cu Interactions.

Synthetic routes to the crystallization of two new box-like complexes, [Au(Triphos)(CuBr)](OTf)·(CHCl)·(CHOH)·(HO) () and [Au(Triphos) (CuCl)](PF)·(CHCl) () (triphos = bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine), have been developed. The two centrosymmetric cationic complexes have been structurally characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shown to contain a CuX (X = Br or Cl) unit suspended between two Au(I) centers without the involvement of bridging ligands. These colorless crystals display green luminescence (λ = 527 nm) for () and teal luminescence (λ = 464 nm) for ().

Sequencing to identify pathogens in : Implications in insects farmed for food and feed.

Introduction: The farmed insect industry is increasing in number and size to meet the demand for sustainably-produced protein. Larger insect farms are prone to losses due to pathogens, and more information is needed regarding the health of insects reared for food and feed.

Methods: In this study, high throughput sequencing was used to identify potential pathogens in a colony of (yellow mealworm, Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) that exhibited increased mortality in immature stages with eventual colony collapse.

Reactivity of Nitric Oxide and Nitrosonium Ion with Copper(II/I) Schiff Base Complexes: Mechanistic Aspects of Imine C═N Bond Cleavage and Oxidation of Pyridine-2-aldehyde to Pyridine-2-carboxylic Acid.

Four Schiff base ligands of the general formulas [6-()-2-pyridyl--(2'-methylthiophenyl)methylenimine] (L1) and 6--chlorophenyl-2-pyridyl--(2'-phenylthiophenyl)methylenimine (L2), where R = H, Me, -ClPh, and their bis-ligand copper(II) and copper(I) complexes, - and -, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. The reactivities of - with nitric oxide (NO) gas and of - with solid NOBF (NO) were examined in dry acetonitrile in the presence and absence of water (HO). The results revealed that, , complexes - (or -) reacts with NO (or NOBF), leading to imine C═N bond cleavage of both (or one) Schiff base(s) that generates 2 (or 1) equiv of 2-(methyl/phenyl)thiobenzenediazonium perchlorates (/) and the corresponding picolaldehyde (Pial) via a copper nitrosyl of a {CuNO}-type intermediate.

Effects of dopamine modulation on chronic stress-induced deficits in reward learning.

Anhedonia is characteristically preceded by chronic stress, likely involving downstream effects of glucocorticoid alterations on dopamine (DA) function. To elucidate the neural underpinnings of this interaction, we examined whether acute pharmacological modulation of DA alters reward learning after chronic mild stress (CMS). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were exposed to a 21-day CMS regime (n = 48 no stress controls) before completing the probabilistic reward task (PRT), a well-validated cross-species test of reward learning.

The Genome of (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae): Adaptation for Success.

The lesser grain borer, (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), is a major global pest of cereal grains. Infestations are difficult to control as larvae feed inside grain kernels, and many populations are resistant to both contact insecticides and fumigants.

Hippocampal Cannabinoid 1 Receptors Are Modulated Following Cocaine Self-administration in Male Rats.

Cocaine addiction is a complex pathology inducing long-term neuroplastic changes that, in turn, contribute to maladaptive behaviors. This behavioral dysregulation is associated with transcriptional reprogramming in brain reward circuitry, although the mechanisms underlying this modulation remain poorly understood. The endogenous cannabinoid system may play a role in this process in that cannabinoid mechanisms modulate drug reward and contribute to cocaine-induced neural adaptations.

Brain-Generated 17β-Estradiol Modulates Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Adult Male Rats.

Neuron-derived 17β-estradiol (E2) alters synaptic transmission and plasticity in brain regions with endocrine and non-endocrine functions. Investigations into a modulatory role of E2 in synaptic activity and plasticity have mainly focused on the rodent hippocampal formation. In songbirds, E2 is synthesized by auditory forebrain neurons and promotes auditory signal processing and memory for salient acoustic stimuli; however, the modulatory effects of E2 on memory-related synaptic plasticity mechanisms have not been directly examined in the auditory forebrain.

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: Evidence of mood & cognitive impairment.

Acute health consequences associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have been thoroughly characterized; however, long-term impacts are not yet understood. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also known as Long COVID syndrome, is the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms long after viral infection. In addition to physical symptoms, those with PASC experience changes in mental health, but few studies have empirically examined these effects.

Introduction of a (PhP)Pt group into the rim of an open-cage fullerene by breaking a carbon-carbon bond.

Treatment of an open-cage fullerene, designated as MMK-9, with (PhP)Pt in toluene solution at room temperature allows a (PPh)Pt unit to be incorporated into the rim of the cage so that it becomes an integral part of the carbon cage skeleton. The structure of the adduct has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and reveals that the platinum atom has planar PtCP coordination, rather than the usual η-bonding to an intact C-C double bond of the fullerene.

The endocannabinoid system is modulated in reward and homeostatic brain regions following diet-induced obesity in rats: a cluster analysis approach.

Objectives: Increased availability of high-calorie palatable food in most countries has resulted in overconsumption of these foods, suggesting that excessive eating is driven by pleasure, rather than metabolic need. The behavior contributes to the rise in eating disorders, obesity, and associated pathologies like diabetes, cardiac disease, and cancers. The mesocorticolimbic dopamine and homeostatic circuits are interconnected and play a central role in palatable food intake.

Seeing luminescence appear as crystals crumble. Isolation and subsequent self-association of individual [(CHNC)Au] ions in crystals.

Non-luminescent, isostructural crystals of [(CHNC)Au](EF)·CH (E = As, Sb) lose benzene upon standing in air to produce green luminescent (E = As) or blue luminescent (E = Sb) powders. Previous studies have shown that the two-coordinate cation, [(CHNC)Au], self-associates to form luminescent crystals that contain linear or nearly linear chains of cations and display unusual polymorphic, vapochromic, and/or thermochromic properties. Here, we report the formation of non-luminescent crystalline salts in which individual [(CHNC)Au] ions are isolated from one another.

Morphine Induces Upregulation of Neuronally Expressed CB2 Receptors in the Spinal Dorsal Horn of Rats.

Cannabinoid receptors play a key role in regulating numerous physiological processes, including immune function and reward signaling. Originally, endocannabinoid contributions to central nervous system processes were attributed to CB1 receptors, but technological advances have confirmed the expression of CB2 receptors in both neurons and glia throughout the brain. Mapping of these receptors is less extensive than for CB1 receptors, and it is still not clear how CB2 receptors contribute to processes that involve endocannabinoid signaling.

Binge sucrose-induced neuroadaptations: A focus on the endocannabinoid system.

Binge eating, the defining feature of binge eating disorder (BED), is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes as well as a reduced quality of life. Animals, like humans, selectively binge on highly palatable food suggesting that the behaviour is driven by hedonic, rather than metabolic, signals. Given the links to both reward processing and food intake, this study examined the contribution of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) to binge-like eating in rats.

Bis(μ-thiolato)-dicopper Containing Fully Spin Delocalized Mixed Valence Copper-Sulfur Clusters and Their Electronic Structural Properties with Relevance to the Cu Site.

With aromatic and aliphatic thiol-S donor Schiff base ligands, the copper-sulfur clusters, [(L1)CuCu](ClO)·DMF·0.5CHOH () and [(L2)CuCu(μ-S)(μ-O)](ClO)·4HO, respectively, have been reported ( 2017, 53, 3334); HL1/HL2 are 2-(((3-methylthiophen-2-yl)methylene)amino)benzene/ethanethiol). Complex comprises a wheel shaped CuS framework, made up of interlinked Cu{μ-S(R)} units.