Lactobacillus supplementation for diarrhoea related to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: a randomised study.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is frequently associated with diarrhoea. We compared two 5-FU-based regimens and the effect of Lactobacillus and fibre supplementation on treatment tolerability. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (n=150) were randomly allocated to receive monthly 5-FU and leucovorin bolus injections (the Mayo regimen) or a bimonthly 5-FU bolus plus continuous infusion (the simplified de Gramont regimen) for 24 weeks as postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Lactose intolerance associated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.

Background & Aims: Bowel mucosal injury associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment might result in secondary lactose intolerance. The frequency and clinical significance of 5-FU-related hypolactasia are unknown.

Methods: One hundred fifty patients randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy regimens, the Mayo regimen or the simplified de Gramont regimen, were studied for lactose tolerance by using an oral lactose absorption test, a symptom questionnaire, treatment-related toxicity, and Subjective Global Assessment of Nutritional Status questionnaire before, during, and 2 and 6 months after chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.

Cholesterol absorption, elimination, and synthesis related to LDL kinetics during varying fat intake in men with different apoprotein E phenotypes.

Cholesterol absorption, fecal elimination, and synthesis and low density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism were measured in 29 middle-aged men while on their normal diet and a diet low in fat and cholesterol, and the obtained values were related to apoprotein (apo) E phenotypes. Basal cholesterol absorption efficiency was positively related to production rate (PR) for LDL apo B and negatively to cholesterol synthesis (measured by fecal steroids and dietary cholesterol), which in turn was negatively associated with the LDL level and positively with the fractional removal (FCR) of LDL apo B. The apo E subscript (e.

Metabolic control and progression of complications in insulin-dependent diabetic patients after kidney transplantation.

Patient survival and progression of complications were monitored for 3 years after kidney transplantation in 29 type-1 diabetic patients. Ten age-matched, non-diabetic kidney-transplanted patients served as controls. Five diabetic patients died during follow-up (three cardiovascular events, two infections), three diabetic patients had a non-fatal myocardial infarction and four developed cerebrovascular complications after transplantation.

Weight loss by very-low-calorie diets: effects on substrate oxidation, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity in obese subjects.

Weight reduction improves glucose utilization, but it is not known whether this occurs primarily through the oxidative or nonoxidative pathways of glucose metabolism. We studied this question in 12 obese subjects [whose body mass index (BMI) was 33.4 +/- 1.

Effects of weight loss on substrate oxidation, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.

To evaluate the effect of weight loss on substrate oxidation, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity we studied 12 obese subjects (body mass index 33.4 +/- 1.1) before and after 6 wk of a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) with euglycemic insulin clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry.

Diet and urinary estrogen profile in premenopausal omnivorous and vegetarian women and in premenopausal women with breast cancer.

The urinary estrogen profile was studied in the midfollicular phase twice, and diet four times during 1 yr in 10 premenopausal breast cancer (BC) patients consuming an omnivorous normal Finnish diet and in two control groups, one consuming an omnivorous (n = 12) and the other a lactovegetarian (n = 11) diet. Total fat intake in relation to caloric intake was almost identical in all three groups. Only with regard to grain fiber intake did the BC patients differ significantly from both other groups.

Effect of dietary components, including lignans and phytoestrogens, on enterohepatic circulation and liver metabolism of estrogens and on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).

A brief account of our present knowledge on the enterohepatic metabolism of estrogens and on the origin, metabolism and biological effects of mammalian lignans and phytoestrogens is undertaken. Furthermore, recently published results on the effects of dietary fiber, fat and carbohydrates on estrogen metabolism are reviewed. New preliminary results are presented on quantitative assays of lignans and phytoestrogens in urine of women belonging to various dietary and population groups and in a group of chimpanzees.

Urinary estrogen profile determination in young Finnish vegetarian and omnivorous women.

For a long time it has been postulated that diet may influence estrogen metabolism and in this way affect breast cancer risk. In order to investigate possible effects of variations of dietary fiber intake on estrogen metabolism, the urinary estrogen profile (13 estrogens), including the catecholestrogens, was determined in one 72-h summer and one winter sample collected in the midfollicular phase of the menstrual cycle by 11 lactovegetarian and 12 omnivorous young Finnish women. Urinary estrogens were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and the quantitative determination was carried out by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects during high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet.

The response of blood glucose and serum lipids and lipoproteins to a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-fat diet was assessed in 10 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. The diet contained approximately 60% of calories as carbohydrate (CHO) and 20% as fat. The patients were followed for 2 wk in a metabolic ward and subsequently for 4 wk at home without changing insulin dosage.

Lack of serum cholesterol-lowering effect of skimmed milk and butter milk under controlled conditions.

The effects of skimmed milk and butter milk on the plasma concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were studied in voluntary male prisoners under carefully controlled conditions. No significant differences were observed in the serum lipid or lipoprotein levels between the groups ingesting the control diet and the diets containing 2.71 of skimmed milk or 2.