First-emerging islet autoantibody and glucose metabolism: search for type 1 diabetes subtypes.

Objective: Subtypes in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis have been implicated based on the first-appearing autoantibody (primary autoantibody). We set out to describe the glucose metabolism in preclinical diabetes in relation to the primary autoantibody in children with HLA-conferred disease susceptibility.

Design And Methods: Dysglycemic markers are defined as a 10% increase in HbA1c in a 3-12 months interval or HbA1c ≥5.

Correction to: Respiratory infections are temporally associated with initiation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the TEDDY study.

The authors regret that the SNP in SH2B3 was incorrectly referred to as rs3184505 instead of rs3184504 on both mentions in this paper (Methods section and Table 1).

Association Between Early-Life Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Islet or Celiac Disease Autoimmunity.

Importance: Evidence is lacking regarding the consequences of antibiotic use in early life and the risk of certain autoimmune diseases.

Objective: To test the association between early-life antibiotic use and islet or celiac disease (CD) autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children prospectively followed up for type 1 diabetes (T1D) or CD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: HLA-genotyped newborns from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the United States were enrolled in the prospective birth cohort of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study between November 20, 2004, and July 8, 2010.

Gestational respiratory infections interacting with offspring HLA and CTLA-4 modifies incident β-cell autoantibodies.

β-cell autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), GAD65 (GADA) and IA-2 (IA-2A) precede onset of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Incidence of the first appearing β-cell autoantibodies peaks at a young age and is patterned by T1D-associated genes, suggesting an early environmental influence. Here, we tested if gestational infections and interactions with child's human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA genes affected the appearance of the first β-cell autoantibody.

Respiratory infections are temporally associated with initiation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the TEDDY study.

Aims/hypothesis: Respiratory infections and onset of islet autoimmunity are reported to correlate positively in two small prospective studies. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is the largest prospective international cohort study on the environmental determinants of type 1 diabetes that regularly monitors both clinical infections and islet autoantibodies. The aim was to confirm the influence of reported respiratory infections and to further characterise the temporal relationship with autoantibody seroconversion.

First Infant Formula Type and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study.

Objective: Studies on the introduction of infant formulas and its effect on the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated whether the introduction of formula based on hydrolyzed cow's milk as the first formula is associated with reduced islet autoimmunity risk in a large prospective cohort.

Research Design And Methods: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively monitors 8,676 children at increased genetic risk for T1D.

Influenza A virus antibodies show no association with pancreatic islet autoantibodies in children genetically predisposed to type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Viral infections have long been considered potential triggers of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Recent studies have suggested that influenza A virus might increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. The present study evaluates this risk association in prospectively observed children at the time when islet autoimmunity starts and autoantibodies are first detected.

Factors associated with longitudinal food record compliance in a paediatric cohort study.

Objective: Non-compliance with food record submission can induce bias in nutritional epidemiological analysis and make it difficult to draw inference from study findings. We examined the impact of demographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors on such non-compliance during the first 3 years of participation in a multidisciplinary prospective paediatric study.

Design: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study collects a 3 d food record quarterly during the first year of life and semi-annually thereafter.

High lipoprotein(a) concentrations are associated with impaired endothelial function in children.

Objective: To examine the association between familial high lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), concentrations and endothelial function in children participating in the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project study.

Study Design: Seven-month-old children (n = 1062) with their families were randomized to a risk intervention group or to a control group. The intervention group received individualized dietary counseling to reduce the total cholesterol concentration.

The 6 year incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in genetically at-risk children: the TEDDY study.

Aims/hypothesis: Islet autoantibodies, in addition to elevated blood glucose, define type 1 diabetes. These autoantibodies are detectable for a variable period of time before diabetes onset. Thus, the occurrence of islet autoantibodies is associated with the beginning of the disease process.

From genetic risk awareness to overt type 1 diabetes: parental stress in a placebo-controlled prevention trial.

Objective: To evaluate the psychological burden of parents facing increasing risk of type 1 diabetes in their children.

Research Design And Methods: In the population-based Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study, newborn infants with HLA-DQB1-conferred diabetes risk were enrolled in sequential analyses of diabetes-associated autoantibodies. Those persistently positive for at least two autoantibodies were recruited to a randomized double-blinded intervention trial.

TEDDY--The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young: an observational clinical trial.

The aim of the TEDDY study is to identify infectious agents, dietary factors, or other environmental agents, including psychosocial factors, which may either trigger islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or both. The study has two end points: (a) appearance of islet autoantibodies and (b) clinical diagnosis of T1DM. Six clinical centers screen newborns for high-risk HLA genotypes.

Recognition of familial dyslipidemias in 5-year-old children using the lipid phenotypes of parents. The STRIP project.

Adult dyslipidemias may reveal familial and, therefore, offspring dyslipidemias. We evaluated the prevalences of the adult-offspring dyslipidemias in 441 general population families composed of both parents and one 5-year-old child. Family members were classified using the 90th or 10th percentiles for hypercholesterolemia (IIA), hypertriglyceridemia (IV), combined hyperlipidemia (IIB), and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration without hyperlipidemia (hypoHDL).