Bone mineralisation adjacent to cemented and uncemented acetabular cups: analysis by [18F]-fluoride-PET in a randomised clinical trial.

Purpose: We present a randomised clinical trial using F-PET/CT to analyse new bone metabolic mineralisation adjacent to acetabular cups following total hip arthoplasty (THA).

Patients And Methods: THA was performed on 26 patients (26 cases) with hip OA. Patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) were randomly assigned to operations with cemented or uncemented acetabular components.

Fingerprint pattern of bone mineralisation on cemented and uncemented femoral stems: analysis by [18F]-fluoride-PET in a randomised clinical trial.

Purpose: We present a randomised clinical study using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-PET/CT) to analyse the osteoblastic part of bone metabolism (new bone mineralisation) in periprosthetic bone adjacent to femoral stems following total hip arthoplasty (THA) surgery. Patients with hip osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to THA surgery with cemented or uncemented femoral components.

Patients And Methods: THA was performed on 26 patients (26 cases) with hip osteoarthritis.

miR-203 and miR-320 Regulate Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Induced Osteoblast Differentiation by Targeting Distal-Less Homeobox 5 (Dlx5).

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, non-coding RNAs (17-24 nucleotides), which regulate gene expression either by the degradation of the target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation of genes. Recent studies have indicated that miRNA plays an important role in regulating osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we identified miR-203 and miR-320b as important miRNAs modulating osteoblast differentiation.

Second generation sequencing of microRNA in Human Bone Cells treated with Parathyroid Hormone or Dexamethasone.

We investigated the impact of treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and dexamethasone (DEX) for 2 and 24h by RNA sequencing of miRNAs in primary human bone (HOB) cells. A total of 207 million reads were obtained, and normalized absolute expression retrieved for 373 most abundant miRNAs. In naïve control cells, 7 miRNAs were differentially expressed (FDR<0.

Podocalyxin as a Prognostic Marker in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Podocalyxin-like 1 (PODXL) is a cell-adhesion glycoprotein associated with aggressive tumor phenotype and poor prognosis in several forms of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate PODXL expression in gastric cancer by use of two different antibodies.

Methods: By tumor-tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry we evaluated PODXL expression in tumor specimens from 337 patients who underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma at Helsinki University Hospital.

Expression of Stem Cell-associated Marker HES77 in Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Background: Expression of novel stem cell-associated marker human embryonic stem cell 77 (HES77) was studied in rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which comprise 10 to 15% of gastroenteropancreatic NETs, some with metastatic potential.

Materials And Methods: WHO 2010 classification was applied, and immunohistochemical positivity for HES77 was assessed in 72 primary tumors and 6 metastases. Correlations were calculated between HES77 expression, metastasis and patient survival.

Global miRNA expression and correlation with mRNA levels in primary human bone cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators that have recently introduced an additional level of intricacy to our understanding of gene regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate miRNA-mRNA interactions that may be relevant for bone metabolism by assessing correlations and interindividual variability in miRNA levels as well as global correlations between miRNA and mRNA levels in a large cohort of primary human osteoblasts (HOBs) obtained during orthopedic surgery in otherwise healthy individuals. We identified differential expression (DE) of 24 miRNAs, and found 9 miRNAs exhibiting DE between males and females.

Podocalyxin Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Aim Of The Study: Podocalyxin-like 1 is a transmembrane glyco-protein whose overexpression associates in many cancers with poor prognosis and unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. Until now, its prognostic value has never been studied in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study was to investigate podocalyxin expression in PDAC by a novel monoclonal antibody and a commercially available polyclonal antibody.

A novel stem cell associated marker identified by monoclonal antibody HESC5:3 differentiates between neoplastic lesions in follicular thyroid neoplasms.

Follicular thyroid lesions are the bane of cytopathology. Differentiation between adenoma and carcinoma is impossible, and often these neoplasms are indistinguishable even from uninodular goitre. In other cancers as well, a theory of stem cells as the origin of cancer has been discussed in thyroid carcinogenesis.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and the risk of ADHD, depression, and mortality.

Background And Purpose: Hyperactive behavior pattern (such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) is proposed to be present in individuals with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). We investigated whether individuals with LCPD have a higher risk of ADHD, depression, and mortality.

Subjects And Methods: We identified 4,057 individuals with LCPD in Sweden during the period 1964-2011.

A comparative study of two PODXL antibodies in 840 colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a transmembrane sialomucin, whose aberrant expression and/or allelic variation associates with poor prognosis and unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics in different cancers. Membranous expression of PODXL has been suggested to be an independent marker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), and previously by an in-house monoclonal antibody, we showed that also cytoplasmic overexpression of PODXL predicts poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare two PODXL antibodies with different epitopes case-by-case in CRC patients.

Podocalyxin is a marker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Background: Over two decades ago, a proposal was that two different colorectal cancer (CRC) entities existed, based on tumour location either proximal (right) or distal (left) of the splenic flexure. Proximal and distal tumours exhibit different clinical, epidemiological, and biological characteristics. Improvement of the prognostic evaluation of CRC requires new molecular markers.

Comparison of reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry for detection of monoclonality in lymphomas.

In healthy humans, 60-70% of the B lymphocytes produce kappa light chains, while the remaining cells produce lambda light chains. Malignant transformation and clonal expansion of B lymphocytes lead to an altered kappa : lambda expression ratio, which is an important diagnostic criteria of lymphomas. Here, we compared three methods for clonality determination of suspected B cell lymphomas.

Analysis of bone mineralization on uncemented femoral stems by [18F]-fluoride-PET: a randomized clinical study of 16 hips in 8 patients.

Purpose: We present the first study using fluoride-positron emission CT (F-PET/CT) to analyze mineralization of bone in the femur adjacent to uncemented stems following total hip arthroplasty (THA). We studied patients who were operated bilaterally for osteoarthritis with 2 different stems during the same surgical session.

Patients And Methods: THA was performed bilaterally during the same surgical session in 8 patients with bilateral osteoarthritis of the hip.

Rats treated with AZD2858, a GSK3 inhibitor, heal fractures rapidly without endochondral bone formation.

Fracture healing is a complex interplay between endochondral and intramembranous bone formation processes. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway enhances new bone formation and may play a role in fracture healing. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a key regulator of β-catenin degradation.

Suitability of quality control materials for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement: inter-method variability of common tumor marker control materials.

Background: Quality control materials with minimal inter-assay differences and clinically relevant proportions of different molecular forms of the analyte are needed to optimize intra- and inter-laboratory accuracy and precision.

Methods: We assessed if clinically relevant total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) levels were present in seven commercially available Multi Constituent Tumor Marker Controls (MC-TMC). Further, we determined the concentration of free PSA (fPSA) and calculated the percentage of free PSA (%fPSA) in all materials.

Analysis of bone formation on porous and calcium phosphate-coated acetabular cups: a randomised clinical [18F]fluoride PET study.

We present a study using Fluoride-Positron Emission Tomography (F-PET/CT) to analyse new bone formation in periacetabular bone adjacent to press fit cups following THA. In 16 THA (8 patients) with bilateral hip osteoarthritis simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) was performed, employing electrochemically applied calcium phosphate coated (HA) cups or porous-coated (PC) cups allocated at random to compare the two sides. A reference group of 13 individuals with a normal healthy hip was used to determine 'normal' bone metabolism.

Targeting free prostate-specific antigen for in vivo imaging of prostate cancer using a monoclonal antibody specific for unique epitopes accessible on free prostate-specific antigen alone.

This study investigated the feasibility of targeting the free, unbound forms of prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) for in vivo imaging of prostate adenocarcinomas (PCa), as PSA is produced and secreted at abundance during every clinical stage and grade of PCa, including castration-resistant disease. We injected (125)I-labeled monoclonal antibody PSA30 (specific for an epitope uniquely accessible on fPSA alone) intravenously in male nude mice carrying subcutaneous xenografts of LNCaP tumors (n=36). Mice were sacrificed over a time course from 4 hours to 13 days after injecting (125)I-labeled PSA30.

GSK-3 inhibition by an orally active small molecule increases bone mass in rats.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) actions are central in the canonical Wnt pathway, important in many biological processes and a potential drug target for treating several diseases. It is appreciated that a balanced Wnt canonical signaling is crucial for the maintenance of normal bone mass. In this study we investigated the effects of a potent orally active GSK-3 inhibitor, AZD2858, on bone mass in rats.

Metabolic development of necrotic bone in the femoral head following resurfacing arthroplasty. A clinical [18F]fluoride-PET study in 11 asymptomatic hips.

Background And Purpose: One concern regarding resurfacing arthroplasty is the viability of the diminished femoral head and the postoperative risk of collapse, or a femoral neck fracture. (18)F-fluoride positron emission tomography (F-PET) enables us to assess bone viability despite there being a covering metal component. By F-PET studies, we recently showed the absence of metabolism in the remaining part of femoral heads, 1-4 years after surgery in 11 of 46 consecutive cases.

Detection of human papillomavirus oncoprotein E7 in liquid-based cytology.

The selection and characterization of a set of mouse mAbs against high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein and the development of protocols for immunocytochemistry (ICC) are described here. A large number of antibodies raised towards HPV16 and 18 E7 were tested for high-risk specificity by ELISA using a panel of HPV E7 proteins. Antibodies detecting low-risk E7 were discarded, resulting in 38 high-risk HPV E7-specific antibodies.

Hand injury from powered wood splitters: machine safety, patterns of use and injury events.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe factors of possible importance for the occurrence of hand injury from powered wood splitters.

Patients: Patients were identified by a computerized patient registry. Information was obtained from hospital records, a written questionnaire and a structured telephone interview.

Assessment of the severity of injuries to hands by powered wood splitters.

Our aim was to rate the severity of injuries to hands by powered wood splitters. The patients were identified from a computerised registry, and the cause of injury was confirmed by written questionnaire and structured telephone interview. Information about the anatomy of the injury was gathered from patients' records and radiographs.

Femoral head viability following resurfacing arthroplasty. A clinical positron emission tomography study.

Hip resurfacing (HR) carries attendant risks of avascular necrosis (AVN) and femoral neck fracture. We used fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) scans to analyze bone metabolism 2-5 years after surgery in 35 cases. Three of the patients had been clinical failures.

Global analysis of the impact of environmental perturbation on cis-regulation of gene expression.

Genetic variants altering cis-regulation of normal gene expression (cis-eQTLs) have been extensively mapped in human cells and tissues, but the extent by which controlled, environmental perturbation influences cis-eQTLs is unclear. We carried out large-scale induction experiments using primary human bone cells derived from unrelated donors of Swedish origin treated with 18 different stimuli (7 treatments and 2 controls, each assessed at 2 time points). The treatments with the largest impact on the transcriptome, verified on two independent expression arrays, included BMP-2 (t = 2h), dexamethasone (DEX) (t = 24 h), and PGE₂ (t = 24 h).