Interactive mirrOring Games wIth sOCial rObot (IOGIOCO): a pilot study on the use of intransitive gestures in a sample of Italian preschool children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication, social interaction, and restricted behaviors. The importance of early intervention has been widely demonstrated, and developmental trajectories in ASD emphasize the importance of nonverbal communication, such as intransitive gesture production, as a possible positive prognostic factor for language development. The use of technological tools in the therapy of individuals with ASD has also become increasingly important due to their higher engagement and responsiveness to technological objects, such as robots.

Attention Analysis in Robotic-Assistive Therapy for Children With Autism.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show severe attention deficits, hindering their capacity to acquire new skills. The automatic assessment of their attention response would provide the therapists with an important biomarker to better quantify their behaviour and monitor their progress during therapy. This work aims to develop a quantitative model, to evaluate the attention response of children with ASD, during robotic-assistive therapeutic sessions.

Non-immersive virtual reality based treatment for children with unilateral cerebral palsy: Preliminary results.

Purpose: Unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) represents about 30-40% of overall cerebral palsy diagnoses. Upper limb impairment has a significant negative impact on activities of daily living (ADL), and recent studies have shown that the use of virtual reality (VR) can increase motivation and promote an improvement in ADL. This preliminary study was aimed at exploring the acceptability and usability of a VR rehabilitation treatment, using the VITAMIN Platform, for children with UCP.

Virtual reality rehabilitation program on executive functions of children with specific learning disorders: a pilot study.

Background: The application of Virtual Reality (VR) in the field of rehabilitation has been widely studied, because it has already proven to be an effective intervention for a variety of physical and cognitive conditions. Nevertheless, its application in pediatric rehabilitation is more recent. This pilot study aims to examine whether a VR-rehabilitation program may have positive effects on the Executive Functions (EFs) of children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD).

Sharing Worlds: Design of a Real-Time Attention Classifier for Robotic Therapy of ASD Children.

Joint attention is the capacity of sharing attention between two agents and an aspect of the environment, through the use of different cues, namely gaze. This capacity is of paramount importance for social skills. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present certain deficits in joint attention.

Development of an Interactive Total Body Robot Enhanced Imitation Therapy for ASD children.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the available therapies target the improvement of social skills, in order to ensure a high quality of life for the child. The use of Social Assistive Robots offers new therapeutic possibilities in which robots can act as therapy enhancers. IOGIOCO project emerges in this framework: it aims at the development of a Robot- Assisted Therapy protocol for the treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder, through gesture training.

Emotion recognition and theory of mind weakness at school age in children born preterm.

Background: Social immaturity and impaired social functioning are topical issues in recent research in the field of prematurity. Social-cognitive skills and emotional processing, the neuropsychological correlates underlying social behavior, are key aspects of these issues.

Methods: We examined 48 Italian primary school children who had been born preterm with a very low birthweight (26 males; mean age 9 years; SD 1.

A semi-standardized music therapy intervention for girls with Rett syndrome: A descriptive essay.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder resulting in a wide range of functional impairments and therefore greatly impacts the lives of both patients and their families. While genetic and medical aspects have been studied for several decades, rehabilitation intervention research is still in its infancy. In this study, the investigating researchers have presented a rehabilitative framework by using music therapy for girls with RTT.

Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm very low birth weight infants admitted to an Italian tertiary center over an 11-year period.

Preterm very low birth weight infants (VLBWi) are known to be at greater risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Identifying early factors associated with outcome is essential in order to refer patients for early intervention. Few studies have investigated neurodevelopmental outcome in Italian VLBWi.

Design of a Robotic Coach for Motor, Social and Cognitive Skills Training Toward Applications With ASD Children.

Socially assistive robots may help the treatment of autism spectrum disorder(ASD), through games using dyadic interactions to train social skills. Existing systems are mainly based on simplified protocols which qualitatively evaluate subject performance. We propose a robotic coaching platform for training social, motor and cognitive capabilities, with two main contributions: (i) using triadic interactions(adult, robot and child), with robotic mirroring, and (ii) providing quantitative performance indicators.

Placental Histological Features and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Two Years in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants.

Background: We evaluated the rates of placental pathologic lesions and their relationship with two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods: This is a cohort observational study comprising 595 VLBW infants during 2007 to 2015. Neurodevelopmental assessment was carried out at 24 months corrected age.

Sex-specific spatial variation in fitness in the highly dimorphic Leucadendron rubrum.

Sexual dimorphism in plants may emerge as a result of sex-specific selection on traits enhancing access to nutritive resources and/or to sexual partners. Here we investigated sex-specific differences in selection of sexually dimorphic traits and in the spatial distribution of effective fecundity (our fitness proxy) in a highly dimorphic dioecious wind-pollinated shrub, Leucadendron rubrum. In particular, we tested for the effect of density on male and female effective fecundity.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown in children with neurological disorders in Italy.

Background: The costs and benefits of full lockdown measures are debated. Neurologically impaired children are a vulnerable population with specific needs in terms of protection against infection and access to health services.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of lockdown on the health of children with neurological disorders and on their access to care during lockdown.

SAMMY-seq reveals early alteration of heterochromatin and deregulation of bivalent genes in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic disease caused by an aberrant form of Lamin A resulting in chromatin structure disruption, in particular by interfering with lamina associated domains. Early molecular alterations involved in chromatin remodeling have not been identified thus far. Here, we present SAMMY-seq, a high-throughput sequencing-based method for genome-wide characterization of heterochromatin dynamics.

Movement Disorders - Childhood Rating Scale 4-18 revised in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Background: Movement Disorders - Childhood Rating Scale for age 4-18 (MD-CRS 4-18) is a tool aimed to evaluate movement disorders in developmental age, validated since 2008 and applied in the literature. Psychometric properties, including inter- and intra-reliability and construct validity have been evaluated over time on children and adolescents with different types of movement disorders.

Aim: The aim of the study is to revise the Movement Disorders - Childhood Rating Scale 4-18 (MD-CRS 4-18 R) and evaluate its psychometric properties, compared to previous version of the scale, in dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Design and validation of two embodied mirroring setups for interactive games with autistic children using the NAO humanoid robot.

Socially assistive robots have shown potential benefits in therapy of child and elderly patients with social and cognitive deficits. In particular, for autistic children, humanoid robots could enhance engagement and attention, thanks to their simplified toy-like appearance and the reduced set of possible movements and expressions. The recent focus on autism-related motor impairments has increased the interest on developing new robotic tools aimed at improving not only the social capabilities but also the motor skills of autistic children.

Costs and benefits of multiple mating in a species with first-male sperm precedence.

Different patterns of sperm precedence are expected to entail different costs and benefits of mating for each sex that translate into distinct predictions regarding mating system evolution. Still, most studies addressing these costs and benefits have focused on species with mixed paternity or last male precedence, neglecting first-male sperm precedence. We attempted to understand whether this latter pattern of sperm precedence translates into different costs and benefits for each sex in the haplodiploid spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a species in which female multiple mating is prevalent but most offspring are sired by first males.

Red flags for appropriate referral to the gastroenterologist and the rheumatologist of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthritis.

Collaboration between gastroenterologists and rheumatologists is recommended for the correct management of patients with associated spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to establish the appropriateness of several red flags for a prompt specialist referral. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the GRADE method to describe the prevalence of co-existing IBD-SpA and the diagnostic accuracy of red flags proposed by a steering committee.

Patients', physicians', nurses', and pharmacists' preferences on the characteristics of biologic agents used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.

Objective: To estimate preferences in relevant treatment characteristics evaluated by different groups involved in the management of patients with rheumatic diseases.

Subjects And Methods: We surveyed patients with rheumatic diseases, and rheumatologists, nurses, and pharmacists with experience in treatment with/provision of biologic drugs for these patients. Through a discrete choice experiment, participants evaluated 16 possible scenarios in which pairs of similarly efficacious treatments were described with six characteristics: 1) frequency of administration; 2) mode and place of administration; 3) manner, helpfulness, efficiency, and courtesy of health personnel; 4) frequency of reactions at the site of drug administration; 5) severity of generalized undesired/allergic reactions; and 6) additional cost.

Switch or swap strategy in rheumatoid arthritis patients failing TNF inhibitors? Results of a modified Italian Expert Consensus.

Objective: To establish evidence-based and experts' opinion filtered statements on the optimal treatment choice between cycling (switch) and changing mode of action strategies (swap) in RA patients failing TNF inhibitors (TNFis).

Methods: The relevant question (switch vs swap) was rephrased into a research question according to the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) strategy, considering all the available scientific evidence published from the 2013 EULAR set of recommendations up to mid-January 2016. Final statements derived from the retrieved scientific evidence and experts' consensus, with eventual rephrasing through a Delphi method during a national consensus of Italian rheumatologists.

Management of major organ involvement of Behçet's syndrome: a systematic review for update of the EULAR recommendations.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of treatment modalities for major organ involvement of Behçet's syndrome (BS), in order to inform the update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of BS.

Methods: A systematic literature review of all randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, or open label trials assessing eye, vascular, nervous system or gastrointestinal system involvement of BS was performed. If controlled trials were not available for answering a specific research question, uncontrolled studies or case series were also included.

Clinical and ultrasonographic predictors for achieving minimal disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis: the UPSTREAM (Ultrasound in PSoriatic arthritis TREAtMent) prospective observational study protocol.

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) occurs in 10%-15% of people with psoriasis and accounts for 10%-20% of early arthritis clinics referral. Only a few prognostic factors of therapeutic response in patients with PsA have been identified. In the last years, the role of imaging has grown up and the European League Against Rheumatism recognised that ultrasound (US) has higher sensitivity than clinical examination to detect inflammatory disease activity.