In an era of trade globalization and climate change, crop pathogens and pests are a genuine threat to food security. The detailed characterization of emerging pathogen populations is a prerequisite for managing invasive species pathways and designing sustainable disease control strategies. Huanglongbing is the disease that causes the most damage to citrus, a crop that ranks #1 worldwide in terms of fruit production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report high-quality genomes of three strains of pv. (), the causal agent of mango bacterial canker disease, including the pathotype strain of this pathovar and two strains from Burkina Faso that emerged a decade ago. These strains hosted two to three plasmids of sizes ranging from 19 to 86 kb.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFpv. () causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of rice. This disease represents a major constraint for rice production, which is a crop feeding more than half of the world's population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas cause economically significant diseases in various crops. Their virulence is dependent on the translocation of type III effectors (T3Es) into plant cells by the type III secretion system (T3SS), a process regulated by the master response regulator HrpG. Although HrpG has been studied for over two decades, its regulon across diverse Xanthomonas species, particularly beyond type III secretion, remains understudied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Plant Microbe Interact
October 2024
The emergence of plant pathogens is often associated with waves of unique evolutionary and epidemiological events. pv. is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial spot disease of tomatoes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacterial adaptation is facilitated by the presence of mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer of genes, such as those coding for virulence factors or resistance to antimicrobial compounds. A hybrid assembly of Nanopore MinIon long-read and Illumina short-read data was produced from a copper-resistant pv. strain isolated from symptomatic broccoli leaves in Mauritius.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerbarium collections are an important source of dated, identified and preserved DNA, whose use in comparative genomics and phylogeography can shed light on the emergence and evolutionary history of plant pathogens. Here, we reconstruct 13 historical genomes of the bacterial crop pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xci) from infected Citrus herbarium specimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCassava Bacterial Blight (CBB) is a destructive disease widely distributed in the different areas where this crop is grown. Populations studies have been performed at local and national scales revealing a geographical genetic structure with temporal variations. A global epidemiology analysis of its causal agent Xanthomonas phaseoli pv.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOf American origin, a wide diversity of Xylella fastidiosa strains belonging to different subspecies have been reported in Europe since 2013 and its discovery in Italian olive groves. Strains from the subspecies multiplex (ST6 and ST7) were first identified in France in 2015 in urban and natural areas. To trace back the most probable scenario of introduction in France, the molecular evolution rate of this subspecies was estimated at 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe increasing requirement for developing tools enabling fine strain traceability responsible for epidemics is tightly linked with the need to understand factors shaping pathogen populations and their environmental interactions. Bacterial wilt caused by the species complex (RSSC) is one of the most important plant diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. Sadly, little, outdated, or no information on its epidemiology is reported in the literature, although alarming outbreaks are regularly reported as disasters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular epidemiology studies are essential to refine our understanding of migrations of phytopathogenic bacteria, the major determining factor in their emergence, and to understand the factors that shape their population structure. Microsatellite and minisatellite typing are useful techniques for deciphering the population structure of pv. , the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFpv. () and pv. () are causal agents of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC), a devastating disease that severely affects citrus plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlasmids provide an efficient vehicle for gene sharing among bacterial populations, playing a key role in bacterial evolution. Network approaches are particularly suitable to represent multipartite relationships and are useful tools to characterize plasmid-mediated gene sharing events. The bacterial family Lysobacteraceae includes plant commensal, plant pathogenic and opportunistic human pathogens for which plasmid-mediated adaptation has been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver the past decade, ancient genomics has been used in the study of various pathogens. In this context, herbarium specimens provide a precious source of dated and preserved DNA material, enabling a better understanding of plant disease emergences and pathogen evolutionary history. We report here the first historical genome of a crop bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA thorough knowledge of genotypic and phenotypic variations (e.g., virulence, resistance to antimicrobial compounds) in bacteria causing plant disease outbreaks is key for optimizing disease surveillance and management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacteria in the genus infect a wide range of crops and wild plants, with most species responsible for plant diseases that have a global economic and environmental impact on the seed, plant, and food trade. Infections by spp. cause a wide variety of non-specific symptoms, making their identification difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-quality Illumina assemblies were produced from 284 pv. citri pathotype A strains mostly originating from the Southwest Indian Ocean region, a subset of which was also sequenced using MinION technology. Some strains hosted chromosomally encoded transcription activator-like effector (TALE) genes, an atypical feature for this bacterium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHorizontal gene transfer is of major evolutionary importance as it allows for the redistribution of phenotypically important genes among lineages. Such genes with essential functions include those involved in resistance to antimicrobial compounds and virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. Understanding gene turnover at microevolutionary scales is critical to assess the pace of this evolutionary process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Asiatic Citrus Canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, severely impacts citrus production worldwide and hampers international trade. Considerable regulatory procedures have been implemented to prevent the introduction and establishment of X.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Xanthomonads are an important clade of Gram-negative bacteria infecting a plethora of economically important host plants, including citrus. Knowledge about the pathogen's diversity and population structure are prerequisite for epidemiological surveillance and efficient disease management. Rapidly evolving genetic loci, such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), are of special interest to develop new molecular typing tools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough some plant pathogenic bacteria represent a significant threat to agriculture, the determinants of their ecological success and evolutionary potential are still poorly understood. Refining our understanding of bacterial strain circulation at small spatial scales and the biological significance and evolutionary consequences of co-infections are key questions. The study of bacterial population biology can be challenging, because it requires high-resolution markers that can be genotyped with a high throughput.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Microbiol Methods
June 2019
Anthurium bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. dieffenbachiae (formerly Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae) is the major phytosanitary threat in many anthurium growing areas worldwide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
January 2018
The species complex (RSSC) is a highly diverse cluster of bacterial strains found worldwide, many of which are destructive and cause bacterial wilt (BW) in a wide range of host plants. In 2009, potato production in Madagascar was dramatically affected by several BW epidemics. Controlling this disease is critical for Malagasy potato producers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFollowing a request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Plant Health (PLH) Panel analysed a dossier submitted by the Japanese authorities in order to clarify the host status of with regard to pv. and pv. , causal agents of citrus bacterial canker, and to indicate whether fruit could represent a pathway for the introduction of citrus bacterial canker into the European Union.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gammaproteobacterium pv citri causes Asiatic citrus canker. Pathotype A strains have a broad host range, which includes most commercial citrus species, and they cause important economic losses worldwide. Control often relies on frequent copper sprays.
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