Managing the financial risks of climate change and pandemics: What we know (and don't know).

The COVID-19 pandemic is generating the largest shock in the global economy since 1929. Although the pandemic has been unprecedented in scale and type, such complex, compounding shocks are not uncommon and are more likely in our modern, interconnected world. Our ability to assess and anticipate compounding risks is limited.

The Perfect Storm: How to Prepare against Climate Risk and Disaster Shocks in the Time of COVID-19.

As governments tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery, broader institutional reforms should build shock-responsive systems for the future. The time is now to boost financial preparedness to climate risks and disasters.