Accuracy of volume measurements by a clinical spirometer in multiple veterinary hospitals.

Introduction: Spirometry devices, which are components of many anaesthesia machines, are commonly used to assess lung mechanics during anaesthesia. Spirometry calibration usually adheres to manufacturer recommendations without established guidelines. Although more accurate and less variable than inbuilt spirometry in certain General Electric anaesthesia ventilators, near-patient spirometry lacks adequate evaluation.

Characterization of dynamic compliance of the respiratory system in healthy anesthetized dogs.

Introduction: In clinical practice, evaluating dynamic compliance of the respiratory system (C) could provide valuable insights into respiratory mechanics. Reference values of C based on body weight have been reported, but various factors may affect them and the evidence is scanty. This study aimed to establish a reference interval for C and identify associated variables.

Correction: Correlation of Sedline-generated variables and clinical signs with anaesthetic depth in experimental pigs receiving propofol.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Inhalational anaesthetic agent consumption within a multidisciplinary veterinary teaching hospital: an environmental audit.

Inhalational anaesthetic agents are routinely used in veterinary anaesthesia practices, yet their consumption contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impact. We conducted a 55-day observational study at a veterinary teaching hospital in Switzerland, monitoring isoflurane and sevoflurane consumption across small, equine and farm animal clinics and analysed the resulting environmental impact. Results revealed that in total, 9.

Spatio-temporal electroencephalographic power distribution in experimental pigs receiving propofol.

Introduction: When assessing the spatio-temporal distribution of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, characteristic patterns have been identified for several anesthetic drugs in humans. A shift in EEG power from the occipital to the prefrontal regions has been widely observed during anesthesia induction. This has been called "anteriorization" and has been correlated with loss of consciousness in humans.

The effect of methylphenidate on anaesthesia recovery: An experimental study in pigs.

Introduction: Due to the lack of specific antagonists for general anaesthetics, the pharmacological stimulation of the arousal pathways might contribute to reduce recovery time. We aimed at assessing the effect of methylphenidate on physiological parameters, nociceptive withdrawal reflex thresholds, electroencephalographic variables and time of reappearance of reflexes in pigs undergoing propofol anaesthesia.

Materials And Methods: Two experiments have been performed.

How Is the Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex Influenced by Increasing Doses of Propofol in Pigs?

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) is a physiological, polysynaptic spinal reflex occurring in response to noxious stimulations. Continuous NWR threshold (NWRt) tracking has been shown to be possibly useful in the depth of anesthesia assessment. The primary aim of this study was to describe how propofol modulates the NWRt over time in pigs.

Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics of Ketamine Administered at a Low Dose in Awake Dogs.

The present study aimed to examine the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of racemic ketamine in dogs at low doses. The secondary aims were to identify associated behavioural effects and propose a ketamine infusion rate. The study was conducted on nine intact male beagles, with each dog undergoing two treatments (BOL and INF).

Antinociceptive, Sedative and Excitatory Effects of Intravenous Butorphanol Administered Alone or in Combination with Detomidine in Calves: A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Cross-Over Study.

(1) Background: The diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed under sedation or general anesthesia in bovines are numerous. The analgesic drugs that can be legally used are few, making perioperative analgesia challenging. (2) Methods: Calves were administered butorphanol 0.

How is depth of anaesthesia assessed in experimental pigs? A scoping review.

Background: Despite the large number of pigs involved in translational studies, no gold standard depth of anaesthesia indicators are available. We undertook a scoping review to investigate and summarize the evidence that sustains or contradicts the use of depth of anaesthesia indicators in this species.

Methods: Medline, Embase and CAB abstract were searched up to September 22nd 2022.

Correlation of Sedline-generated variables and clinical signs with anaesthetic depth in experimental pigs receiving propofol.

Most of currently available electroencephalographic (EEG)-based tools to assess depth of anaesthesia have not been studied or have been judged unreliable in pigs. Our primary aim was to investigate the dose-effect relationship between increasing propofol dose and variables generated by the EEG-based depth of anaesthesia monitor Sedline in pigs. A secondary aim was to compare the anaesthetic doses with clinical outcomes commonly used to assess depth of anaesthesia in this species.

Enantiospecific pharmacokinetics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in beagles.

The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviour of dexmedetomidine in dogs administered as a pure enantiomer versus as part of a racemic mixture. Eight unmedicated intact purpose-bread beagles were included. Two intravenous treatments of either medetomidine or dexmedetomidine were administered at 10- to 14-day intervals.

A Survey on the Use of Spirometry in Small Animal Anaesthesia and Critical Care.

The objective was to document the use of spirometry and ventilation settings in small animal anaesthesia and intensive care through a descriptive, open, online, anonymous survey. The survey was advertised on social media and via email. Participation was voluntary.

A Systematic Review of the Methods of Assessment of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in Anaesthetized Dogs.

We reviewed the definitions and methods of assessment of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in anaesthetized dogs. Three databases were used. Titles and abstracts were screened by two of the authors independently.

Antinociceptive effects of levomethadone in standing horses sedated with romifidine.

Objective: To evaluate the antinociceptive effect of a bolus of intravenous levomethadone administered to horses during romifidine constant rate infusion (CRI).

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, masked, crossover experimental study.

Animals: A group of eight adult Warmblood horses (seven geldings, one mare) aged 6.

A quick approach for medetomidine enantiomer determination in dog plasma by chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to a pharmacokinetic study.

In the present study, a rapid, sensitive and high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of medetomidine enantiomers in dog plasma was developed and validated. The separation and individual quantification of chiral compounds can be a tricky task in LC. This is particularly true when target analytes have a relatively small mass, as is the case with medetomidine, a potent and highly specific α2-adrenoceptor agonist widely used in both human and veterinary medicine.

Investigation of selected respiratory effects of (dex)medetomidine in healthy Beagles.

Objective: To investigate the effects of sedative doses of intravenous (IV) medetomidine (MED) or dexmedetomidine (DEX) on selected respiratory variables in dogs.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, crossover study.

Animals: A total of eight healthy adult research Beagles.

Effect of Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine, and Their Reversal with Atipamezole on the Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex in Beagles.

The objectives were: (1) to compare the antinociceptive activity of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine, and (2) to investigate its modulation by atipamezole. This prospective, randomized, blinded experimental trial was carried out on eight beagles. During the first session, dogs received either medetomidine (MED) (0.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the antinociceptive effect of a romifidine infusion in standing horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a romifidine infusion on antinociception and sedation, and to investigate its relationship with plasma concentration.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental, nonrandomized trial.

Animals: A total of 10 healthy adult warmblood horses.

Do the Manual or Computer-Controlled Flowmeters Generate Similar Isoflurane Concentrations in Tafonius?

Tafonius is an anesthesia machine with computer-controlled monitor and ventilator. We compared the isoflurane fluctuations in the circuit with manual (MF) or computer-driven (CF) flowmeters, investigated the origin of the differences and assessed whether isoflurane concentration time course followed a one-compartment model. A calibrated TEC-3 isoflurane vaporizer was used.

Colon constipation in horses after sustained-release buprenorphine administration.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacological profile and side effects of buprenorphine administered as a sustained-release formulation in horses.

Study Design: Pilot trial.

Animals: A total of four experimental horses, aged 18-27 years and weighing 508-578 kg.

Suspicion of Postanesthetic Femoral Paralysis of the Non-Dependent Limb in a Horse.

A 15-year-old Selle Francais gelding was presented to the equine referral hospital for treatment of a left guttural pouch mycosis previously diagnosed. After induction, the horse was shortly hoisted by all four feet, moved on a padded surgical table, and positioned in right lateral recumbency. In order to reduce the risk of bleeding during surgical manipulation of the carotid and maxillary arteries, a mean arterial pressure between 60 and 70 mmHg was targeted.

Hyperintensity of Cerebrospinal Fluid on T2-Weighted Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Imaging Caused by High Inspired Oxygen Fraction.

In veterinary medicine, patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under general anesthesia to enable acquisition of artifact-free images. The fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) ranges between 30 and 95%. In humans, a high FiO is associated with incomplete signal suppression of peripheral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2w-FLAIR) sequences.