Long-term real world evidence of CPX-351 of high-risk AML patients identified high rate of negative MRD and prolonged OS.

CPX-351 has been approved for patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (MRC-AML). No extensive data are available on MRD and long-term clinical outcome using CPX-351 in AML in real-life. We retrospectively collected data from 168 patients in 36 centers in France and Italy who had received one or two cycles of induction with CPX-351.

Decitabine in older patients with AML: quality of life results of the EORTC-GIMEMA-GMDS-SG randomized phase 3 trial.

We hypothesized that fit older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with decitabine (DEC) would report better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes than those receiving intensive chemotherapy (IC). We conducted a phase 3 randomized trial to compare DEC (10-day schedule) with IC (3+7) in older fit patients with AML. HRQoL was a secondary end point, and it was assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) in conjunction with its elderly module (EORTC QLQ-ELD14).

10-day decitabine versus 3 + 7 chemotherapy followed by allografting in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Many older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia die or cannot undergo allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) due to toxicity caused by intensive chemotherapy. We hypothesised that replacing intensive chemotherapy with decitabine monotherapy could improve outcomes.

Methods: This open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial was conducted at 54 hospitals in nine European countries.

Diffuse field cross-correlations: Scattering theory and electromagnetic experiments.

The passive estimation of impulse responses from ambient noise correlations arouses increasing interest in seismology, acoustics, optics, and electromagnetism. Assuming the equipartition of the noise field, the cross-correlation function measured with noninvasive receiving probes converges towards the difference of the causal and anticausal Green's functions. Here, we consider the case when the receiving field probes are antennas which are well coupled to a complex medium-a scenario of practical relevance in electromagnetism.

Experimental Tuning of Transport Regimes in Hyperuniform Disordered Photonic Materials.

We present wave transport experiments in hyperuniform disordered arrays of cylinders with high dielectric permittivity. Using microwaves, we show that the same material can display transparency, photon diffusion, Anderson localization, or a full band gap, depending on the frequency ν of the electromagnetic wave. Interestingly, we find a second weaker band gap, which appears to be related to the second peak of the structure factor.

Implementing nonuniversal features with a random matrix theory approach: Application to space-to-configuration multiplexing.

We consider the efficiency of multiplexing spatially encoded information across random configurations of a metasurface-programmable chaotic cavity in the microwave domain. The distribution of the effective rank of the channel matrix is studied to quantify the channel diversity and to assess a specific system's performance. System-specific features such as unstirred field components give rise to nontrivial interchannel correlations and need to be properly accounted for in modeling based on random matrix theory.

Fluctuations in an established transmission in the presence of a complex environment.

In various situations where wave transport is preeminent, like in wireless communication, a strong established transmission is present in a complex scattering environment. We develop a nonperturbative approach to describe emerging fluctuations which combines a transmitting channel and a chaotic background in a unified effective Hamiltonian. Modeling such a background by random matrix theory, we derive exact results for both transmission and reflection distributions at arbitrary absorption that is typically present in real systems.

Statistics of resonance states in a weakly open chaotic cavity with continuously distributed losses.

In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate that a non-Hermitian random matrix description can account for both spectral and spatial statistics of resonance states in a weakly open chaotic wave system with continuously distributed losses. More specifically, the statistics of resonance states in an open two-dimensional chaotic microwave cavity are investigated by solving the Maxwell equations with lossy boundaries subject to Ohmic dissipation. We successfully compare the statistics of its complex-valued resonance states and associated widths with analytical predictions based on a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian model defined by a finite number of fictitious open channels.

Statistics of resonance states in open chaotic systems: a perturbative approach.

We investigate the statistical properties of the complexness parameter which characterizes uniquely complexness (nonorthogonality) of resonance eigenstates of open chaotic systems. Specifying to the regime of weakly overlapping resonances, we apply the random matrix theory to the effective Hamiltonian formalism and derive analytically the probability distribution of the complexness parameter for two statistical ensembles describing the systems invariant under time reversal. For those with rigid spectra, we consider a Hamiltonian characterized by a picket-fence spectrum without spectral fluctuations.

Avoided-level-crossing statistics in open chaotic billiards.

We investigate a two-level model with a large number of open decay channels in order to describe avoided level crossing statistics in open chaotic billiards. This model allows us to describe the fundamental changes in the probability distribution of the avoided level crossings compared with the closed case. Explicit expressions are derived for systems with preserved and broken time-reversal symmetry.

Controlled excitation of scar modes in passive and active multimode chaotic fiber.

A multimode optical fiber with a D-shaped cross section is an experimental paradigm of a wave system with chaotic ray dynamics. We show that seldom but usable modes, called scar modes, localized along some particular direction of the geometric trajectories, can be selectively excited. We report numerical simulations that demonstrate the importance of the so-called self-focal point in the scar mode selection process.

Approximate equivalence between guided modes in a low-contrast photonic bandgap fiber and Maxwell TM modes of a high-contrast two-dimensional photonic structure.

We present a formal analogy between the eigenvalue problem for guided scalar modes in a low-contrast photonic bandgap fiber and quasi-stationary TM modes of a two-dimensional (2D) photonic structure. Using this analogy, we numerically study the confinement losses of disordered microstructured fibers through the leakage rate of an open 2D system with high refractive index inclusions. Our results show that for large values of the disorder, the confinement losses increase.

When can real-time quantitative RT-PCR effectively define molecular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients? (Results of the French Belgian Swiss APL Group).

10-20% of APL patients relapse and the challenge remains to early identify these patients to improve survival rate. We report PML-RARalpha transcript detection by RQ-PCR in 260 consecutive APL patients (n = 970 samples). 223 patients with samples of sufficient RNA quality to demonstrate they reached molecular remission were monitored for MRD.

Localized modes in a finite-size open disordered microwave cavity.

We present measurements of the spatial intensity distribution of localized modes in a two-dimensional open microwave cavity randomly filled with cylindrical dielectric scatterers. We show that each of these modes displays a range of localization lengths, and we successfully relate the largest value to the measured leakage rate at the boundary. These results constitute unambiguous signatures of the existence of strongly localized electromagnetic modes in two-dimensional open random media.

Selective amplification of scars in a chaotic optical fiber.

In this Letter we propose an original mechanism to select scar modes through coherent gain amplification in a multimode D-shaped fiber. More precisely, we demonstrate the selective amplification of scar modes by positioning a gain region in the vicinity of the self-focal point of the shortest periodic orbit in the transverse motion.

Diffractive orbits in the length spectrum of a two-dimensional microwave cavity with a small scatterer.

In a two-dimensional rectangular microwave cavity dressed with one pointlike scatterer, a semiclassical approach is used to analyze the spectrum in terms of periodic orbits and diffractive orbits. We show, both numerically and experimentally, how the latter can be accounted for in the so-called length spectrum, which is retrieved from two-point correlations of a finite-range frequency spectrum. Beyond its fundamental interest, this first experimental evidence of the role played by diffractive orbits in the spectrum of an actual cavity, can be the first step towards a technique to detect and track small defects in wave cavities.

Complete S matrix in a microwave cavity at room temperature.

We experimentally study the widths of resonances in a two-dimensional microwave cavity at room temperature. By developing a model for the coupling antennas, we are able to discriminate their contribution from those of Ohmic losses to the broadening of resonances. Concerning Ohmic losses, we experimentally put to evidence two mechanisms: damping along propagation and absorption at the contour, the latter being responsible for variations of widths from mode to mode due to its dependence on the spatial distribution of the field at the contour.

Speckle statistics in a chaotic multimode fiber.

Wave chaos is devoted to the study of wave motion when the geometrical limit of rays is chaotic. Imprints of ray chaos may be found either in spectral and spatial properties of modes or in spatio-temporal evolution of wave packets. In this paper, we present a thorough experimental and theoretical analysis of field statistics for light propagating in a multimode fiber with a noncircular cross section.

Light scarring in an optical fiber.

We report the first experimental study of wave scarring in an optical fiber with a noncircular cross section. This optical multimode fiber serves as a powerful tool to image waves in a system where light rays exhibit a chaotic dynamics. Far-field intensity measurements are used to provide a better identification of scars in the Fourier domain.

Stereospecific Migration of P from N to C sp 2: Ring-Expansion Reaction of Chiral Diazaphospholidine Oxides.

An addition-pseudorotation-elimination pathway is proposed for the first stereospecific ring-expansion reaction of chiral diazaphospholidine oxides by a 1,3-migration of P from N to C sp 2 [Eq. (1)]. R=H, Ph; LDA=lithium diisopropylamide.

Transient chaos in room acoustics.

The decay of sound in an auditorium due to absorption is central to the theory and practice of room acoustics. Within geometrical acoustics, this problem involves the partial trapping of chaotic ray trajectories in billiards, hence transient chaos. We first present a theoretical and numerical analysis of the decay of rays in 2-D chaotic billiards (2-D room acoustic models) and show that the existence of fluctuations (in the mean-free path and in the rate of phase space exploration) leads to modifications from the standard statistical theory.