Characterizing the Effect of Simultaneous Enhancements of Reducing Gas Species on Figaro Taguchi Gas Sensor Resistance Response.

The resistance of the Figaro Taguchi Gas Sensor (TGS) decreases when exposed to reducing gas enhancements. TGS gas response can be characterized by comparing measured resistance to a reference resistance, representative of sampling in identical environmental conditions but with no reducing gas enhancement. Thus, this resistance ratio (RR) allows for characterization of reducing gas response, independent of other environmental effects.

Phase 2 Trial of Anti-TL1A Monoclonal Antibody Tulisokibart for Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Tulisokibart is a tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) monoclonal antibody in development for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. A genetic-based diagnostic test was designed to identify patients with an increased likelihood of response.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients with glucocorticoid dependence or failure of conventional or advanced therapies for ulcerative colitis to receive intravenous tulisokibart (1000 mg on day 1 and 500 mg at weeks 2, 6, and 10) or placebo.

Citizen science in environmental health research: A comparison with conventional approaches and creation of a guidance tool issued from the LILAS initiative.

Context: Public interest for citizen science (CS) in environmental health is growing. The goals of environmental health research projects are diverse, as are the methods used to reach these goals. Opportunities for greater implication of the civil society and related challenges differ at each step of such projects.

A Gradient-Descent Optimization of CO-CO-NO Emissions over the Paris Megacity─The Case of the First SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown.

Urban greenhouse gas emissions monitoring is essential to assessing the impact of climate mitigation actions. Using atmospheric continuous measurements of air quality and carbon dioxide (CO), we developed a gradient-descent optimization system to estimate emissions of the city of Paris. We evaluated our joint CO-CO-NO optimization over the first SARS-CoV-2 related lockdown period, resulting in a decrease in emissions by 40% for NO and 30% for CO, in agreement with preliminary estimates using bottom-up activity data yet lower than the decrease estimates from Bayesian atmospheric inversions (50%).

Updated Mortality Analysis of SELTINE, the French Cohort of Nuclear Workers, 1968-2014.

Cohorts of nuclear workers are particularly relevant to study the health effects of protracted exposures to low doses at low dose-rates of ionizing radiation (IR). In France, a cohort of nuclear workers badge-monitored for external IR exposure has been followed-up for several decades. Its size and follow-up period have recently been extended.

Simultaneous Monitoring of Atmospheric CH, NO, and HO Using a Single Gas Sensor Based on Mid-IR Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy.

An optical sensor based on external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) was developed for simultaneous triple-species monitoring of CH, NO, and HO vapor using off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (OB-QEPAS). The EC-QCL wavelength was scanned over three neighboring absorption lines of CH (1260.81 cm), NO (1261.

Development of an adverse outcome pathway for radiation-induced microcephaly via expert consultation and machine learning.

Background: Brain development during embryogenesis and in early postnatal life is particularly complex and involves the interplay of many cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, making it extremely vulnerable to exogenous insults, including ionizing radiation (IR). Microcephaly is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental abnormalities that is characterized by small brain size, and is often associated with intellectual deficiency. Decades of research span from epidemiological data on exposure of the A-bomb survivors, to studies on animal and cellular models that allowed deciphering the most prominent molecular mechanisms leading to microcephaly.

Assessing the Effectiveness of an Urban CO Monitoring Network over the Paris Region through the COVID-19 Lockdown Natural Experiment.

The Paris metropolitan area, the largest urban region in the European Union, has experienced two national COVID-19 confinements in 2020 with different levels of restrictions on mobility and economic activity, which caused reductions in CO emissions. To quantify the timing and magnitude of daily emission reductions during the two lockdowns, we used continuous atmospheric CO monitoring, a new high-resolution near-real-time emission inventory, and an atmospheric Bayesian inverse model. The atmospheric inversion estimated the changes in fossil fuel CO emissions over the Greater Paris region during the two lockdowns, in comparison with the same periods in 2018 and 2019.

Bayesian Profile Regression to Deal With Multiple Highly Correlated Exposures and a Censored Survival Outcome. First Application in Ionizing Radiation Epidemiology.

As multifactorial and chronic diseases, cancers are among these pathologies for which the exposome concept is essential to gain more insight into the associated etiology and, ultimately, lead to better primary prevention strategies for public health. Indeed, cancers result from the combined influence of many genetic, environmental and behavioral stressors that may occur simultaneously and interact. It is thus important to properly account for multifactorial exposure patterns when estimating specific cancer risks at individual or population level.

Associations between green space and preterm birth: Windows of susceptibility and interaction with air pollution.

Background: Recent studies have reported inconsistent associations between maternal residential green space and preterm birth (PTB, born < 37 completed gestational weeks). In addition, windows of susceptibility during pregnancy have not been explored and potential interactions of green space with air pollution exposures during pregnancy are still unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationships between green space and PTB, identify windows of susceptibility, and explore potential interactions between green space and air pollution.

Clinical and epidemiological observations on individual radiation sensitivity and susceptibility.

To summarize existing knowledge and to understand individual response to radiation exposure, the MELODI Association together with CONCERT European Joint Programme has organized a workshop in March 2018 on radiation sensitivity and susceptibility. The workshop reviewed the current evidence on this matter, to inform the MELODI Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), to determine social and scientific needs and to come up with recommendations for suitable and feasible future research initiatives to be taken for the benefit of an improved medical diagnosis and treatment as well as for radiation protection. The present paper gives an overview of the current evidence in this field, including potential effect modifiers such as age, gender, genetic profile, and health status of the exposed population, based on clinical and epidemiological observations.

Relationships between greenness and low birth weight: Investigating the interaction and mediation effects of air pollution.

Background: Associations between residential greenness and improved birth weight have been increasingly reported, but underlying mechanisms and interactions with other environmental exposures are still unclear.

Objectives: To study the relationships between low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), residential greenness, and the potential influence of air pollution in these relationships (interaction and mediation) in California, over the period 2001-2008.

Methods: Residential greenness around maternal homes was characterized using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).

Analysis of the association between ionizing radiation and mortality in uranium workers from five plants involved in the nuclear fuel production cycle in France.

Purpose: The aim is to investigate associations between mortality and exposure to ionizing radiation in a cohort of uranium workers with potential for internal and external radiation exposures.

Methods: Workers employed for at least 6 months between 1958 and 2006 in five plants involved in the French nuclear fuel cycle were included and followed up between 1968 and 2013. Cause-specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated.

First mortality analysis in the French cohort of uranium millers (F-Millers), period 1968-2013.

Purpose: Epidemiological studies in cohorts of uranium millers can be informative to improve knowledge of the health effects of uranium, but are very rare. The aim of this study was to analyze, for the first time, mortality in a French cohort of uranium millers.

Methods: The F-Millers cohort includes permanent contract workers employed at least 6 months at French uranium milling plants.

Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update.

Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown increased leukaemia and solid tumour risks following cumulative doses of <100mSv and dose rates of <10mGy per year; paediatric patients studies have reported increased leukaemia and brain tumours risks after doses of 30-60mGy from computed tomography scans. Questions arise, however, about the impact of even lower doses and dose rates where classical epidemiological studies have limited power but where subsets within the large cohorts are expected to have an increased risk. Further progress requires integration of biomarkers or bioassays of individual exposure, effects and susceptibility to IR.

Biomarkers for Uranium Risk Assessment for the Development of the CURE (Concerted Uranium Research in Europe) Molecular Epidemiological Protocol.

Despite substantial experimental and epidemiological research, there is limited knowledge of the uranium-induce health effects after chronic low-dose exposures in humans. Biological markers can objectively characterize pathological processes or environmental responses to uranium and confounding agents. The integration of such biological markers into a molecular epidemiological study would be a useful approach to improve and refine estimations of uranium-induced health risks.

Residential Exposure to Natural Background Radiation and Risk of Childhood Acute Leukemia in France, 1990-2009.

Background: Exposures to high-dose ionizing radiation and high-dose rate ionizing radiation are established risk factors for childhood acute leukemia (AL). The risk of AL following exposure to lower doses due to natural background radiation (NBR) has yet to be conclusively determined.

Methods: AL cases diagnosed over 1990-2009 (9,056 cases) were identified and their municipality of residence at diagnosis collected by the National Registry of Childhood Cancers.

Adverse Reproductive Health Outcomes and Exposure to Gaseous and Particulate-Matter Air Pollution in Pregnant Women.

Introduction: There is growing epidemiologic evidence of associations between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth (PTB). Recently, a few studies have also reported that exposure to ambient air pollution may also increase the risk of some common pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Research findings, however, have been mixed.

Concerted Uranium Research in Europe (CURE): toward a collaborative project integrating dosimetry, epidemiology and radiobiology to study the effects of occupational uranium exposure.

The potential health impacts of chronic exposures to uranium, as they occur in occupational settings, are not well characterized. Most epidemiological studies have been limited by small sample sizes, and a lack of harmonization of methods used to quantify radiation doses resulting from uranium exposure. Experimental studies have shown that uranium has biological effects, but their implications for human health are not clear.

Low birth weight and air pollution in California: Which sources and components drive the risk?

Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction has been associated with exposure to air pollution, but there is a need to clarify which sources and components are most likely responsible. This study investigated the associations between low birth weight (LBW, <2500g) in term born infants (≥37 gestational weeks) and air pollution by source and composition in California, over the period 2001-2008.

Methods: Complementary exposure models were used: an empirical Bayesian kriging model for the interpolation of ambient pollutant measurements, a source-oriented chemical transport model (using California emission inventories) that estimated fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.

Comparison of birth certificates and hospital-based birth data on pregnancy complications in Los Angeles and Orange County, California.

Background: The incidence of both gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia is on the rise; however, these pregnancy complications may not be systematically reported. This study aimed to examine differences in reporting of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes between hospital records and birth certificate data, and to determine if such differences vary by maternal socioeconomic status indicators.

Methods: We obtained over 70,000 birth records from 2001 to 2006 from the perinatal research database of the Memorial Care system, a network of four hospitals in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California.

Cancer and non-cancer mortality among French uranium cycle workers: the TRACY cohort.

Objectives: The health effects of internal contamination by radionuclides, and notably by uranium, are poorly characterised. New cohorts of uranium workers are needed to better examine these effects. This paper analyses for the first time the mortality profile of the French cohort of uranium cycle workers.

Geographic Distribution of Healthy Resources and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective To determine the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) and preeclampsia associated with various community resources. Methods An ecological study was performed in Los Angeles and Orange counties in California. Fast food restaurants, supermarkets, grocery stores, gyms, health clubs and green space were identified using Google © Maps Extractor and through the Southern California Association of Government.

A Statewide Nested Case-Control Study of Preterm Birth and Air Pollution by Source and Composition: California, 2001-2008.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) has been associated with exposure to air pollution, but it is unclear whether effects might vary among air pollution sources and components.

Objectives: We studied the relationships between PTB and exposure to different components of air pollution, including gases and particulate matter (PM) by size fraction, chemical composition, and sources.

Methods: Fine and ultrafine PM (respectively, PM2.