Quarternary α-cyanobenzylsulfonamides: A new subclass of CAA fungicides with excellent anti-Oomycetes activity.

A bioisosteric carboxamide - sulfonamide replacement explored during the optimization of an insecticide lead compound led to the surprising discovery of a formerly unknown subclass of the Carboxylic Acid Amide (CAA) fungicides, which is the very first CAA fungicide group without a carboxamide function. In this paper we present invention pathway, racemic and stereoselective synthesis routes, structure-activity relationship studies as well as resistance profile of this novel family of fungicides.

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel imidazole-based ketene dithioacetals.

Novel imidazole-based ketene dithioacetals show impressive in planta activity against the economically important plant pathogens Alternaria solani, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Erysiphe necator and Zymoseptoria tritici. Especially derivatives of the topical antifungal lanoconazole, which bear an alkynyloxy or a heteroaryl group in the para-position of the phenyl ring, exhibit excellent control of the mentioned phytopathogens. These compounds inhibit 14α -demethylase in the sterol biosynthesis pathway of the fungi.

The importance of trifluoromethyl pyridines in crop protection.

The pyridine ring, substituted by a trifluoromethyl substituent has been successfully incorporated into molecules with useful biological properties. During the period 1990 to September 2017, 14 crop protection products bearing a trifluoromethyl pyridine have been commercialized or proposed for an ISO common name, covering fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and nematicides. Chemical processes have been developed to provide trifluoromethyl pyridine intermediates, from non-fluorinated pyridine starting materials, at scale and with affordable costs of goods.

Map2k1 and Map2k2 genes contribute to the normal development of syncytiotrophoblasts during placentation.

The mammalian genome contains two ERK/MAP kinase kinase genes, Map2k1 and Map2k2, which encode dual-specificity kinases responsible for ERK/MAP kinase activation. In the mouse, loss of Map2k1 function causes embryonic lethality, whereas Map2k2 mutants survive with a normal lifespan, suggesting that Map2k1 masks the phenotype due to the Map2k2 mutation. To uncover the specific function of MAP2K2 and the threshold requirement of MAP2K proteins during embryo formation, we have successively ablated the Map2k gene functions.

Selective nonoperative management of low-grade blunt pancreatic injury: are we there yet?

Background: Nonoperative management (NOM) of low-grade blunt pancreatic injuries (LGBPI) diagnosed by computed tomographic (CT) abnormalities of the pancreas in the adult hemodynamically stable (HDS) patient has not been previously defined. We report our experience of patients with LGBPI at a single Level I Trauma Center.

Methods: Adult HDS patients during a 5-year period with blunt pancreatic injuries with an abbreviated injury score of View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Total abdominal colectomy: patient satisfaction and outcomes.

Total abdominal colectomy is required for many colonic diseases. The authors studied the outcomes of this operation and the quality of life based on the decision to perform an ileostomy or an anastomosis. Patients who underwent total abdominal colectomy (excluding those with inflammatory bowel disease and chronic constipation) had either ileoproctostomy or ileostomy and were compared.