ALD of ZnO:Ti: Growth Mechanism and Application as an Efficient Transparent Conductive Oxide in Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells.

In the quest for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), Ti-doped zinc oxide (TZO) films have been synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and applied as an n-type transparent conductive oxide (TCO). TZO thin films were obtained from titanium (IV) -propoxide (TTIP), diethyl zinc, and water by introducing TiO growth cycle in a ZnO matrix. Process parameters such as the order of precursor introduction, the cycle ratio, and the film thickness were optimized.

Quantitative optical assessment of photonic and electronic properties in halide perovskite.

The development of high efficiency solar cells relies on the management of electronic and optical properties that need to be accurately measured. As the conversion efficiencies increase, there is a concomitant electronic and photonic contribution that affects the overall performances. Here we show an optical method to quantify several transport properties of semiconducting materials and the use of multidimensional imaging techniques allows decoupling and quantifying the electronic and photonic contributions.