Publications by authors named "Olivier Chazouilleres"

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the importance of liver biopsy in patients with unexplained elevated transaminases, following current clinical guidelines.
  • A retrospective analysis of 87 patients revealed that 48% had minimal or normal liver tissue changes, while different injury patterns were identified in varying percentages: steatosis (21%), hepatitis (13%), vascular (8%), and biliary (1%).
  • Ultimately, liver biopsy significantly impacted clinical management in 15% of cases, helping diagnose conditions like autoimmune hepatitis and metabolic dysfunction, but most patients showed little to no significant pathology.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the prognostic value of changes in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) over time in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who are being treated with ursodeoxycholic acid.
  • It utilizes data from 3,078 patients over a 19-year period, finding that 59% of participants had an increase in LSM, which is linked to a higher risk of serious clinical events such as cirrhosis complications and liver transplants.
  • The research concludes that monitoring LSM changes provides essential prognostic information, suggesting its potential as a valuable endpoint in clinical trials for PBC treatment.
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Objectives: To describe the MR features and prognosis of patients with an uncommon complication of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) characterized by a spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct (CBD) resulting in a peri-biliary collection and a pseudo-cystic appearance of the CBD.

Methods: A single-center cohort of 263 patients with PSC who had at least two MRIs between 2003 and 2022 and a minimum follow-up of 1 year was retrospectively analyzed. MRI data (characteristics of CBD perforation and MR features of PSC) and clinical data were assessed.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study examined low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a treatment for 13 different autoimmune diseases, focusing on its ability to activate regulatory T cells (Tregs) which are crucial in managing these conditions.
  • 81 patients received IL-2 over a span of treatment, resulting in significant Treg expansion and activation, with clinical improvements noted in the majority of the diseases assessed, particularly in conditions like ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • The findings suggest that IL-2 is well-tolerated and effective at targeting Tregs, indicating its potential as a valuable addition to future therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.
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Background: Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome is a rare genetic cause of hepatolithiasis. A pathogenic variant of the ABCB4 gene is reported in half of all patients. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only drug approved.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may recur after liver transplantation (LT). The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (rAIH). A multicenter retrospective French nationwide study, including all patients aged ≥16 transplanted for AIH, with at least 1 liver biopsy 1 year after LT, was conducted between 1985 and 2018.

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Background And Aims: Normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-treated patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are associated with better long-term outcome. However, second-line therapies are currently recommended only when ALP levels remain above 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (×ULN) after 12-month UDCA.

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Background & Aims: Gallbladder enlargement is common in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The gallbladder may confer hepatoprotection against bile acid overload, through the sequestration and cholecystohepatic shunt of bile acids. The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of the gallbladder on disease features and bile acid homeostasis in PSC.

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Background & Aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare indication for liver transplantation (LT). The aims of this study were to evaluate long-term survival after LT for AIH and prognostic factors, especially the impact of recurrent AIH (rAIH).

Methods: A multicentre retrospective nationwide study including all patients aged ≥16 transplanted for AIH in France was conducted.

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Background And Aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare indication (<5%) for liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to describe the early outcome after LT for AIH.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective nationwide study including all patients aged ≥16 transplanted for AIH in France was conducted.

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Background & Aims: People with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have a variable and often progressive disease course that is associated with biliary and parenchymal changes. These changes are typically assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including qualitative assessment of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Our aim was to study the association of novel objective quantitative MRCP metrics with prognostic scores and patient outcomes.

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Background & Aims: The low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome is a recently described peculiar form of cholelithiasis associated with the ATP-binding-cassette subfamily B, member 4 () gene deficiency. The purpose of our study was to analyse the relationship between magnetic resonance (MR) features and the genetic status of in people with LPAC syndrome.

Methods: A total of 233 individuals with proven LPAC syndrome were enrolled between January 2003 and June 2018 in a retrospective single-centre study.

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Background & Aims: Data on the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in European expert centres are sparse. In this study, a PSC group from the ERN RARE-LIVER surveyed European hepatologists to uncover differences in real-life clinical practices.

Methods: In April 2020 a survey questionnaire was sent to members of the International PSC Study Group and ERN RARE-LIVER.

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Background: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk of biliary tract cancer and liver damage (possibly leading to liver transplantation), and are often treated for IBD with thiopurines and/or tumour necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNF) on a long-term basis.

Aims: To assess the risk of biliary tract cancer and liver transplantation in patients exposed to thiopurines and/or anti TNF agents in a French nationwide cohort.

Methods: We performed a population-based study of patients aged 18 years or older with PSC and IBD in the French national health insurance database.

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Background & Aims: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) has been shown to predict outcomes of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in small-size studies. We aimed to validate the prognostic value of LSM in a large cohort study.

Methods: We performed an international, multicentre, retrospective follow-up study of 3,985 patients with PBC seen at 23 centres in 12 countries.

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Article Synopsis
  • Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that mainly affects women over 40, resulting in the gradual destruction of bile ducts and potentially leading to cirrhosis if left untreated.
  • Common symptoms include itching and fatigue, but many patients may not feel any noticeable symptoms at all.
  • The primary treatment is Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which significantly improves outcomes, though about 30-40% of patients may not respond adequately and might need additional treatments like obeticholic acid or fibrates.
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Background: In HCV-infected patients with advanced liver disease, the direct antiviral agents-associated clinical benefits remain debated. We compared the clinical outcome of patients with a previous history of decompensated cirrhosis following treatment or not with direct antiviral agents from the French ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort.

Methods: We identified HCV patients who had experienced an episode of decompensated cirrhosis.

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare and chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown cause commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and characterized by progressive obliterative fibro-inflammation of the biliary tree. Although the natural course is highly variable, PSC is often progressive, leading to biliary cirrhosis and its complications. In addition, PSC is a condition harbouring broad neoplastic potential with increased susceptibility for the development of both biliary and colon cancer.

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Introduction: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an infrequent, immune-mediated cholestatic liver disease, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and complications of end-stage liver disease. The established goals of treatment of PBC are prevention of end-stage liver disease and amelioration of associated symptoms. The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) management guidelines provide extensive recommendations on the diagnosis and management of PBC.

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Background & Aims: The factors predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence in chronic hepatitis B need to be precisely known to improve its detection. We identified pathways and individual predictive factors associated with HCC in the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort.

Methods: The study analyzed HBV-infected patients recruited at 32 French expert hepatology centers from August 6, 2012, to December 31, 2015.

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Background & Aims: A beneficial effect of bezafibrate (BZF) on symptoms and biochemical features of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) has been reported in patients with an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), but long-term effects on survival remain unknown. In Japan, BZF has been used as a de facto second-line therapy for PBC since 2000. Herein, we compared the survival rates between patients treated with and those without BZF in a large nationwide Japanese PBC cohort.

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Background: Obeticholic acid (OCA) and fibrates are second-line therapies for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).

Aim: To know whether OCA and fibrates, administered together in combination with UDCA, have additive beneficial effects in patients with difficult-to-treat PBC.

Methods: PBC patients treated for ≥3 months with UDCA, OCA and fibrates (bezafibrate or fenofibrate) due to failure of either second-line therapy were included in a multicentre, uncontrolled retrospective cohort study.

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