Vanadium exposure and kidney markers in a pediatric population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Anthropogenic vanadium (V) emissions and exposure in the general population have recently increased. Experimental studies have shown that V is a nephrotoxic agent, but little is known about its effects on human kidney health. This work evaluated the association between urinary V concentrations with early kidney damage biomarkers and function in a pediatric population without any disease diagnosed.

Morphological changes in the fetal kidney induced by exposure to fluoride during pregnancy.

To determine if fluoride's established negative impact on adult kidney health begins during gestation, an intergenerational model of Wistar rats was exposed to two doses of fluoride (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day via gavage) 20 days before mating and during gestation (20 days).

Associations among environmental exposure to trace elements and biomarkers of early kidney damage in the pediatric population.

Background: In kidney damage, molecular changes can be used as early damage kidney biomarkers, such as Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. These biomarkers are associated with toxic metal exposure or disturbed homeostasis of trace elements, which might lead to serious health hazards. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to trace elements and early damage kidney biomarkers in a pediatric population.

Evaluation of renal function in precarious workers exposed to heavy metals in vulnerable scenarios in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí, México.

The aim of the study was to evaluate renal function in three groups of precarious workers: garbage recyclers (REC), quarry workers (CAN), and brick makers (LAD). Samples of urine and blood were collected to evaluate clinical parameters and the metal levels in urine was measured using ICP-MS. REC group had the highest concentrations of chromium in urine (36.

Relationship between urinary biomarkers of early kidney damage and exposure to inorganic toxins in a pediatric population of Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico.

Background: In recent years, chronic kidney disease has increased in the pediatric population and has been related to environmental factors. In the diagnosis of kidney damage, in addition to the traditional parameters, early kidney damage biomarkers, such as kidney injury molecule 1, cystatin C, and osteopontin, among others, have been implemented as predictors of early pathological processes.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to environmental pollutants and early kidney damage biomarkers.

Effects of fluoride exposure on mitochondrial function: Energy metabolism, dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy.

Fluoride is ubiquitous in the environment. Furthermore, drinking water represents the main source of exposure to fluoride for humans. Interestingly, low fluoride concentrations have beneficial effects on bone and teeth development; however, chronic fluoride exposure has harmful effects on human health.

Overview of Traditional and Environmental Factors Related to Bone Health.

Bone mass in adulthood depends on growth and mineralization acquired during childhood and adolescence. It is well known that these stages of life are crucial for bone development, where genetic, nutritional, hormonal, and lifestyle factors play a significant role. Bone loss is normally a natural and slow process that begins years later after the peak bone mass is achieved and continues throughout the lifespan.

Assessment of biomarkers of early kidney damage and exposure to pollutants in artisanal mercury mining workers from Mexico.

Artisanal mercury mining (AMM) is an informal economic activity that employs low technology and limited protection, and poses a risk to workers and their families; due to the extraction process, these scenarios involve exposure to complex mixtures of pollutants that synergistically aggravate the health of miners and people living near the site. Although mercury is the predominant pollutant, there are others such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), toluene, arsenic, and lead which have been classified as nephrotoxic pollutants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the association between exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants (mercury, lead, arsenic, PAHs, and toluene) and kidney damage in artisanal Hg mining workers through early kidney damage proteins (KIM-1, OPN, RBP-4, NGAL, and Cys-C).

Increased Endocytosis of Cadmium-Metallothionein through the 24p3 Receptor in an In Vivo Model with Reduced Proximal Tubular Activity.

The proximal tubule (PT) is the major target of cadmium (Cd) nephrotoxicity. Current dogma postulates that Cd complexed to metallothionein (MT) (CdMT) is taken up through receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) via the PT receptor megalin:cubilin, which is the predominant pathway for reuptake of filtered proteins in the kidney. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the distal parts of the nephron are also sensitive to damage induced by Cd.

Evaluation of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biomarkers of early kidney damage in indigenous children from Ticul, Yucatán, Mexico.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental persistent chemicals, produced by the incomplete combustion of solid fuels, found in smoke. PAHs are considered carcinogenic, teratogenic, and genotoxic. Children are susceptible to environmental pollutants, particularly those living in high-exposure settings.

Acute kidney damage by PM exposure in a rat model.

PM exposure is associated with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction, and renal tissue damage. The goal of this study was demonstrate the acute effect of PM on the kidney. Male rats were acutely exposed to PM or filtered air.

Renal adaptive response to exposure to low doses of uranyl nitrate and sodium fluoride in mice.

Background: Despite their differences in physicochemical properties, both uranium (U) and fluoride (F) are nephrotoxicants at high doses but their adverse effects at low doses are still the subject of debate.

Methods: This study aims to improve the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved through an adaptive response model of C57BL/6 J mice chronically exposed to low priming doses of U (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) or F (0, 15, 30 and 50 mg/L) and then challenged with acute exposure of 5 mg/kg U or 7.5 mg/kg NaF.

Kidney Adaptations Prevent Loss of Trace Elements in Wistar Rats with Early Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of related metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for chronic kidney disease that carries to loss of essential micronutrients, which accelerates comorbidity apparition. The work aimed was to evaluate the trace element homeostasis regarding morphological adaptations and renal function in MetS early-onset.

Ancestral contribution of the muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKM) polymorphism rs4884 in the knee osteoarthritis risk: a preliminary study.

Introduction/objectives: Articular cartilage and periarticular muscle tissues are strongly affected during knee osteoarthritis (OA). Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme expressed in several tissues, but the isoform CK-MM is specific of skeletal muscle, and its serum concentration is used as a biomarker of muscle damage. Genetic variants of the CKM gene have been associated with various pathologies, but to date, there are no reports of association with OA.

Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Aged 6-15 Years and Associated Risk Factors in Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico, a Pilot Study.

Introduction: Tlaxcala, a small state in central Mexico, has the highest prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) deaths in population aged 5-14 in Mexico, most of them with unknown etiology.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of CKD in apparently healthy pediatric population in Apizaco, Tlaxcala.

Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was carried out in children deemed as healthy; subjects with previous diagnosis of CKD were excluded.

Fluoride exposure is associated with altered metabolism of arsenic in an adult Mexican population.

Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) are two common groundwater toxicants. The toxicity of As is closely related to As metabolism, and several biological and environmental factors have been associated with As modification. However, limited information about the effect of F exposure on the modification of the As metabolism profile has been described.

Cadmium Complexed with β2-Microglubulin, Albumin and Lipocalin-2 rather than Metallothionein Cause Megalin:Cubilin Dependent Toxicity of the Renal Proximal Tubule.

Cadmium (Cd) in the environment is a significant health hazard. Chronic low Cd exposure mainly results from food and tobacco smoking and causes kidney damage, predominantly in the proximal tubule. Blood Cd binds to thiol-containing high (e.

In Vivo Comparison of the Phenotypic Aspects and Molecular Mechanisms of Two Nephrotoxic Agents, Sodium Fluoride and Uranyl Nitrate.

Because of their nephrotoxicity and presence in the environment, uranium (U) and fluoride (F) represent risks to the global population. There is a general lack of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of U and F nephrotoxicity and the underlying molecular pathways. The present study aims to compare the threshold of the appearance of renal impairment and to study apoptosis and inflammation as mechanisms of nephrotoxicity.

Evaluation of vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in Mexican children exposed to inorganic fluoride.

Exposure to inorganic fluoride (F) has been implicated in cardiovascular and kidney dysfunction mainly in adult populations. However, limited epidemiological information from susceptible populations, such as children, is available. In this study we evaluated the relationship of F exposure with some vascular and kidney injury biomarkers in children.

The Ethanolic Extract of (Ort.) Sarg. Bark and Its Fractions Delay the Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Show Antinociceptive Activity in Murine Models.

is widely used in folk medicine as an anti-rheumatic and analgesic agent, but no systematic study of its effects on several markers associated with rheumatoid arthritis and its ethnomedical use as analgesic agent has been performed. We evaluated the anti-arthritic and antinociceptive properties of an ethanolic extract of (EE) bark and its rich-flavonoids fractions in murine models. The EE was administered orally at doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, and its fractions at 25 mg/kg/day in all animal models.

Sub-chronic exposure to fluoride impacts the response to a subsequent nephrotoxic treatment with gentamicin.

Fluoride is an important groundwater contaminant, and more than 200 million people are exposed to high fluoride levels in drinking water, the major source of fluoride exposure. Exposure above 2 ppm of fluoride is associated with renal impairment in humans. In rats, moderate levels of fluoride induce kidney injury at early stages in which the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not altered.

Impaired endocytosis in proximal tubule from subchronic exposure to cadmium involves angiotensin II type 1 and cubilin receptors.

Background: Chronic exposure to low cadmium (Cd) levels produces urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins, which is considered the critical effect of Cd exposure. However, the mechanisms involved in Cd-induced proteinuria are not entirely clear. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the possible role of megalin and cubilin (important endocytic receptors in proximal tubule cells) and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor on Cd-induced microalbuminuria.

Effects of acute sodium fluoride exposure on kidney function, water homeostasis, and renal handling of calcium and inorganic phosphate.

Fluoride compounds are abundant and widely distributed in the environment at a variety of concentrations. Further, fluoride induces toxic effects in target organs such as the liver and kidney. In this study, we performed an early analysis of renal function using a clearance technique in Wistar rats acutely exposed to fluoride at a plasma concentration of 0.