Clinical testing of cellular phone ringing interference with automated external defibrillators.

Objective: This study examined cellular phone ringing interference with automated external defibrillators (AED).

Methods: The phone systems tested were two single band handheld telephones: (1) a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) receiver; and (2) a Personal Communication Services (PCS) receiver. The ringing phase of a digital cellular phone includes a brief burst of peak-emitted power.

Activity-based rate-adaptive pacemakers under hyperbaric conditions.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test a variety of currently available activity-based rate-adaptive pacemakers under hyperbaric conditions.

Background: Sports divers with pacemakers can dive under certain circumstances. The rate response of activity-sensing pacing under hyperbaric conditions has rarely been evaluated.

Risk of cellular phone interference with an implantable loop recorder.

This study examined the risk of cellular phone ringing interference with implantable loop recorders (ILR). The technical manual of ILR warns of potential interference by cellular phone in close proximity to the implanted device, corrupting the data stored in memory or causing inappropriate device operation. The ringing phase of a digital Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Personal Communication Services (PCS) cellular phone includes a brief burst of peak emitted power.

Reliability of electromagnetic filters of cardiac pacemakers tested by cellular telephone ringing.

Background: State-of-the art cardiac pacemakers are protected against radiofrequency signals. Although there have been earlier clinical and in vitro reports of cellular phone interference with implantable devices, only a few studies have been performed in recent years. The ringing phase of digital GSM or PCS cellular phones includes a brief period of peak radiated power.

Arc welding interference recorded by an implanted cardiac pacemaker.

This report describes asymptomatic interference by electric arc welding with an implanted dual-chamber pacemaker. The interfering artefacts were automatically recorded and stored in the device memory.

Interference by cellular telephone with an implantable loop recorder.

We report the observation of interference between an implanted loop recorder and a cellular telephone when the latter was placed over the subcutaneous pocket. The artifact produced during the ringing of the telephone was automatically recorded and stored in the device memory. A similar interference was documented during ex vivo testing.

Clinical study of interference with cardiac pacemakers by a magnetic field at power line frequencies.

Objectives: This study examined the risk of interference by high magnetic flux density with permanent pacemakers.

Background: Several forms of electromagnetic energy may interfere with the functions of implanted pacemakers. No clinical study has reported specific and relevant information pertaining to magnetic fields near power lines or electrical appliances.