Spinal cord microglia drive sex differences in ethanol-mediated PGE2-induced allodynia.

The mechanisms of how long-term alcohol use can lead to persistent pain pathology are unclear. Understanding how earlier events of short-term alcohol use can lower the threshold of non-painful stimuli, described as allodynia could prove prudent to understand important initiating mechanisms. Previously, we observed that short-term low-dose alcohol intake induced female-specific allodynia and increased microglial activation in the spinal cord dorsal horn.

#WhatIEatInADay: The effects of viewing food diary TikTok videos on young adults' body image and intent to diet.

The rise of short-form video content has prompted research into its impact on body image; however, little remains known regarding the effects of exposure to food-related content of this type. The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a between-subjects experiment (N = 316) examining the effects of exposure to low-calorie versus high-calorie "What I Eat in A Day" food diary TikTok videos on young adults' body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and diet intentions. Additionally, this study sought to explore how social comparison and mood might affect participants' responses to these videos.

Clinical Comparison of High-resolution and Standard Refractions and Prescriptions.

Significance: Recently, novel refraction technology allows subjective refractions to be performed with a higher-resolution. It is unclear, however, if these benefits are noticed and appreciated by the patient during the examination and after dispensing.

Purpose: This study investigated benefits and drawbacks of high-resolution refraction technology over standard, specifically in terms of the refraction, glasses prescription, and participant's perceptions of the technology.

Accommodative Behavior, Hyperopic Defocus, and Retinal Image Quality in Children Viewing Electronic Displays.

Significance: The prevalence of myopia and use of electronic displays by children has grown rapidly in recent years. We found that children viewing electronic displays, however, experience hyperopic defocus levels similar to those previously reported for other stimuli.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare accommodative behavior of nonmyopic and myopic children viewing a computer screen or mobile phone.

Validation of a Clinical Aberrometer Using Pyramidal Wavefront Sensing.

Significance: Measurement of ocular aberrations is a critical component of many optical corrections.

Purpose: This study examines the accuracy and repeatability of a newly available high-resolution pyramidal wavefront sensor-based aberrometer (Osiris by Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Firenze, Italy).

Methods: An engineered model eye and a dilated presbyopic eye were used to assess accuracy and repeatability of aberration measurements after systematic introduction of lower- and higher-order aberrations with calibrated trial lenses (sphere +10.

Calibration of the PlusOptix PowerRef 3 with change in viewing distance, adult age and refractive error.

Purpose: The PowerRef 3 is frequently used in studying the near triad of accommodation, vergence and pupil responses in normal and clinical populations. Within a range, the defocus measurement of the PowerRef 3 is linearly related to the eye's defocus. While the default factory-calibrated slope of this relation (calibration factor) is 1, it has been shown that the slope can vary across individuals.