Relative Abundance and Detection of from Chronic Wound Infections Globally.

is a difficult-to-treat pathogen that is frequently involved with chronic wound infections. Here, we conducted a literature search of world-wide studies published between 2005 and 2022 that described the microbiological profiles of chronic wound infections. For each continent, a hierarchy of pathogens was created to define the organisms that were most frequently isolated in each region.

Effect of chromium supplementation on glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Chromium (Cr) is a trace element involved in glucose homeostasis. We aim to evaluate and quantify the effects of Cr supplementation on A1C and FPG in patients with T2DM.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search of Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library (from database inception to 11/2014) with no language restrictions sought RCTs or cohort studies evaluating Cr supplementation in T2DM vs control and reporting either change in glycated hemoglobin (A1C) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Increased risk for atypical fractures associated with bisphosphonate use.

Background: Studies suggest an increasing occurrence of atypical femoral fractures with the use of bisphosphonates.

Objective: To examine whether the use of bisphosphonates increases the risk for atypical fractures.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review of treatment of intermittent claudication in the lower extremities.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized trials and systematic reviews of patients with intermittent claudication to evaluate surgery, endovascular therapy, and exercise therapy. Outcomes of interest were death, amputation, walking distance, quality of life, measures of blood flow, and cost.

Pharmacologic interventions for painful diabetic neuropathy: An umbrella systematic review and comparative effectiveness network meta-analysis.

Background: Multiple treatments for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy are available.

Purpose: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of oral and topical analgesics for diabetic neuropathy.

Data Sources: Multiple electronic databases between January 2007 and April 2014, without language restriction.

Lifestyle modification programs in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder that affects women of childbearing age and may be related to obesity and insulin resistance.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to appraise the evidence of the impact of lifestyle modification (LSM) interventions on outcomes of women with PCOS.

Data Sources: Sources included Ovid Medline, OVID Embase, OVID Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (up to January 2011).

Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Cinnamon has been studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for its glycemic-lowering effects, but studies have been small and show conflicting results. A prior meta-analysis did not show significant results, but several RCTs have been published since then. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating cinnamon's effect on glycemia and lipid levels.

Methods used to conduct and report Bayesian mixed treatment comparisons published in the medical literature: a systematic review.

Objectives: To identify published closed-loop Bayesian mixed treatment comparisons (MTCs) and to summarise characteristics regarding their conduct and reporting.

Design: Systematic review.

Methods: We searched multiple bibliographic databases (January 2006-31 July 2011) for full-text, English language publications of Bayesian MTCs comparing the effectiveness or safety of ≥3 interventions based on randomised controlled trials and having at least one closed loop.

Effect of Biologic Agents on Non-PASI Outcomes in Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Introduction: The objective of this review was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis and Bayesian mixed treatment comparisons (MTC) evaluating the impact of biologics on non-Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) health outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Methods: MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1966 to May 2009. Citations were screened for randomized, controlled trials of biologics versus either placebo or each other in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and reported any of several outcomes.

Pharmacologic interventions for painful diabetic neuropathy: an umbrella systematic review and comparative effectiveness network meta-analysis (Protocol).

Background: Neuropathic pain can reduce the quality of life and independence of 30% to 50% of patients with diabetes. The comparative effectiveness of analgesics for patients with diabetic neuropathy remains unclear. The aim of the current work, therefore, was to summarize the evidence about the analgesic effectiveness of the most common oral and topical agents used for the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.

Systematic review and adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation.

Background: Oral anticoagulants such as apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban are alternatives to warfarin for preventing events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Direct comparative studies between agents are unavailable. Our objective was to conduct an adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis between new oral agents in atrial fibrillation.

Oral antidiabetic drugs and regression from prediabetes to normoglycemia: a meta-analysis.

Background: Impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, and elevated hemoglobin A(1c) are intermediate stages, considered prediabetes, a precursor to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, independent of diabetes development. Data have shown that various oral antidiabetic drugs can help people regress from prediabetes to normoglycemia.

Green tea catechins decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Green tea catechins (GTCs) have been studied in randomized control trials for their lipid-lowering effects. Studies, however, have been small and demonstrated conflicting results. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the relationship between GTCs and serum lipid levels, including total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Association between CHADS₂risk factors and anticoagulation-related bleeding: a systematic literature review.

Objective: To determine the strength of evidence supporting an accentuated bleeding risk when patients with CHADS(2) risk factors (chronic heart failure, hypertension, advanced age, diabetes, and prior stroke/transient ischemic attack) receive warfarin.

Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE (January 1, 1950, through December 22, 2009) and Cochrane CENTRAL (through December 22, 2009) was conducted to identify studies that reported multivariate results on the association between CHADS(2) covariates and risk of bleeding in patients receiving warfarin. Each covariate was evaluated for its association with a specific type of bleeding.

Dosing frequency of unfractionated heparin thromboprophylaxis: a meta-analysis.

Background: In medical patients, it is unclear whether thromboprophylaxis with low-dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) should be administered bid or tid.

Methods: This study was a mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis of randomized control trials that enrolled hospitalized nonsurgical patients at risk for VTE and compared UFH bid, UFH tid, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to one another or to an inactive control subject. DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE), major bleeding, and death were measured.

Intent to update systematic reviews: results of an internet survey.

Background: Updating a systematic review may be necessary when newer evidence is available. Several barriers to conducting updated systematic reviews have been hypothesized.

Aims: To conduct an Internet survey to identify the relationship between author and study characteristics and the intent to update a systematic review, to quantify this relationship, and to query authors about perceived barriers to updating.

Recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Context: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) improves growth in patients with growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature. Its role in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is unclear.

Objective: To review the effectiveness of rhGH in the treatment of patients with CF.

The comparative efficacy of plant sterols and stanols on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Plant sterols and stanols are plant steroids with a similar chemical structure and cellular function to human cholesterol, and are recommended as dietary modifiers of serum lipids. Plant sterols have a higher degree of absorption than plant stanols, suggesting differential efficacy between the two.

Design: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to summarize direct comparisons between the effect of plant sterols vs plant stanols on serum lipid levels in healthy patients and patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Context: Metformin is the recommended initial drug therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the optimal second-line drug when metformin monotherapy fails is unclear.

Objective: To determine the comparative efficacy, risk of weight gain, and hypoglycemia associated with noninsulin antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 DM not controlled by metformin alone.

Improved glucose control associated with i.v. chromium administration in two patients receiving enteral nutrition.

Purpose: The effect of i.v. chromium administration on glucose control in two patients receiving enteral nutrition is described.

Benefits and risks associated with beta-blocker prophylaxis in noncardiac surgery.

Purpose: The benefits and risks associated with use of beta-blocker prophylaxis in noncardiac surgery (NCS) are described.

Summary: Perioperative beta-blockade is recommended by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association for use in patients already on beta-blockers or in high-risk patients undergoing NCS to reduce myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI); however, the recommendations are not as clear for patients undergoing intermediate- or low-risk NCS. Numerous trials have evaluated the effect of perioperative beta-blockers on MI, stroke, bradycardia, hypotension, overall mortality, and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing NCS.

Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor blockers for ischemic heart disease.

Background: Patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved ventricular function experience considerable morbidity and mortality despite standard medical therapy.

Purpose: To compare benefits and harms of using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARBs), or combination therapy in adults with stable ischemic heart disease and preserved ventricular function.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (earliest date, July 2009) were searched without language restrictions.