Thermodynamic Solution Properties of a Biodegradable Chelant (L-glutamic-N,N-diacetic Acid, L-GLDA) and Its Sequestering Ability toward Cd.

The thermodynamics of the interaction of L-glutamic-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) with protons was studied potentiometrically at different temperatures, ionic strengths and ionic media. Four protonation constants and corresponding enthalpy changes occurred at infinite dilution together with temperature and ionic strength coefficients. The medium effect was also interpreted in terms of the formation of weak complexes between the ligand and the cations of supporting electrolytes, resulting in a greater tendency of GLDA to chemically interact with Na rather than K and, in turn, (CH)N.

Analytical assessment to develop innovative nanostructured BPA-free epoxy-silica resins as multifunctional stone conservation materials.

Bisphenol A (BPA)-free epoxy resins, synthesized from low molecular weight cycloaliphatic compounds, may represents promising materials for stone conservation due to their very appealing and tunable physico-chemical properties, such as viscosity, curing rate and penetration ability, being also easy to apply and handle. Furthermore, alkoxysilanes have been widely employed as inorganic strengtheners since they are easily hydrolysed inside lithic substrates affording SiO linkages with the stone matrix. Taking into account the advantages of these two classes of materials, this work has been focused on the development of innovative conservation materials, based on hybrid epoxy-silica BPA-free resins obtained by reaction of 1,4-cycloexanedimethanol diglycidylether (CHDM-DGE) with various siloxane precursors, i.

Multi-analytical methodology to diagnose the environmental impact suffered by building materials in coastal areas.

This work is focused on the development of an innovative multi-analytical methodology to estimate the impact suffered by building materials in coastal environments. With the aim of improving the in situ spectroscopic assessment, which is often based on XRF and Raman spectrometers, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was implemented in the diagnosis study. In this way, the additional benefits from DRIFT were compared to the usual in situ analyses of building materials, which often have interferences from fluorescence and reststrahlen effects.

In situ DRIFT, Raman, and XRF implementation in a multianalytical methodology to diagnose the impact suffered by built heritage in urban atmospheres.

This work addresses the evaluation of an innovative mutianalytical method to assess the conservation state of a fifteenth century palace house. With the goal of reducing the handicaps of field analysis, the in situ spectroscopic assessment, often based on the use of X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectrometers, was complemented by the use of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. In this manner, its usefulness as a diagnostic tool to discover the origin and mechanisms of the damage caused by atmospheric and infiltration water attacks were thoroughly examined.

Raman spectra of the different phases in the CaSO4-H2O system.

Although it is known that the CaSO4/H2O system is formed by at least five different phases, this fact is not correctly documented in Raman spectroscopy studies. The main problem detected in the literature was the incorrect definition of the anhydrite, which produced the assignation of different spectra for a single compound. In this sense, two different spectra were clearly identified from the bibliography, which showed different main Raman bands at 1017 or 1025 cm(-1), although anhydrite could be present even as three different polymorphous species with different structures.

Applicability of a Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform handheld spectrometer to perform in situ analyses on Cultural Heritage materials.

This work studies the applicability of a Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform handheld device to perform in situ analyses on Cultural Heritage assets. This portable diffuse reflectance spectrometer has been used to characterise and diagnose the conservation state of (a) building materials of the Guevara Palace (15th century, Segura, Basque Country, Spain) and (b) different 19th century wallpapers manufactured by the Santa Isabel factory (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain) and by the well known Dufour and Leroy manufacturers (Paris, France), all of them belonging to the Torre de los Varona Castle (Villanañe, Basque Country, Spain). In all cases, in situ measurements were carried out and also a few samples were collected and measured in the laboratory by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFT) in order to validate the information obtained by the handheld instrument.

Determination of the pigments present in a wallpaper of the middle nineteenth century: the combination of mid-diffuse reflectance and far infrared spectroscopies.

In this work the determination of the pigments present in a decorative wallpaper of the middle nineteenth century from the Santa Isabel factory (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain) has been performed by a combination of mid-Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFT) and Far Infrared Spectroscopy (FIR) in transmission mode. The DRIFT is a powerful infrared technique that is not widely used in the analyses of artworks in spite of being especially adequate for powdered samples. In this mode, sample pretreatment is not required and the obtained spectra are easier to solve than those obtained in transmittance mode.

Relevance of cross-section analysis in correct diagnosis of the state of conservation of building materials as evidenced by spectroscopic imaging.

In the present work the need to use cross-section analysis as a routine procedure to characterize physiochemical damage on building materials was evaluated using a combination of spectroscopic imaging techniques based on Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). First, samples for cross-section analysis required special preparation to avoid the loss of soluble and weakly anchored compounds and thereby ensure the representativeness of the analysis. To this end, samples were dry drilled and fractured with a single blow rather than cut to avoid friction.