Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Intellectual Disability: Clinicogenetic Lessons From a Family Suggesting a Dual Genetics Diagnosis.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders with spastic paraparesis as the main clinical feature. Complex forms may co-occur with other motor, sensory, and cognitive impairment. A growing number of loci and genes are being identified, but still more than 50% of the patients remain without molecular diagnosis.

Longitudinal Voice Outcomes After Voice Therapy in Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis.

Objectives: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of voice therapy in vocal outcomes of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) and vocal productions of patients with long-standing treatment-naïve UVFP treated with voice therapy.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Methods: A voice therapy protocol was applied individually in three stages.