The impacts of bovine milk, soy beverage, or almond beverage on the growing rat microbiome.

Background: Milk, the first food of mammals, helps to establish a baseline gut microbiota. In humans, milk and milk products are consumed beyond infancy, providing comprehensive nutritional value. Non-dairy beverages, produced from plant, are increasingly popular as alternatives to dairy milk.

Supplementation with Bovine Milk or Soy Beverages Recovers Bone Mineralization in Young Growing Rats Fed an Insufficient Diet, in Contrast to an Almond Beverage.

Background: Nondairy beverages, produced from soy, rice, oat, almond, or coconut, are increasingly being used as alternatives to dairy milk, with the perception that they are healthier and/or more sustainable products than dairy products.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementing either bovine milk, soy, or almond-based beverages to young, growing rats fed an intact-protein diet or a diet that had protein substituted with amino acids (AA-diet).

Methods: Three-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups ( = 10/group) and fed ad libitum for 4 wk.

Gastric digestion of cow and goat milk: Peptides derived from simulated conditions of infant digestion.

Infant formula products are predominantly manufactured using cow milk protein; goat milk also provides a suitable protein source. In this study, we directly compared cow and goat milk protein digestion using pH and enzyme conditions to simulate infant gastric conditions. Generated peptides, identified using liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, show both similarities and differences in cow and goat milk post-digestion profiles.

Gastric digestion of cow and goat milk: Impact of infant and young child in vitro digestion conditions.

Many infants and young children are fed nutritional milk formulas. Although products are commonly based on cow milk, goat milk provides an alternative. We directly compared digestion of cow and goat milk proteins, varying pH, enzyme concentrations and incubation times to simulate infant and young child gastric conditions.

Effect of the dietary delivery matrix on vitamin D3 bioavailability and bone mineralisation in vitamin-D3-deficient growing male rats.

This study assessed bioavailability and utilisation of vitamin D3 in two feeding trials using young, growing Sprague-Dawley male rats. Trial one fed animals standard AIN-93G diet (casein protein) containing no vitamin D3 and goat or cow skimmed milk supplemented with vitamin D3. Trial two fed animals modified dairy-free AIN-93G diet (egg albumin) containing no vitamin D3 and goat or cow skimmed or full-fat milk supplemented with vitamin D3.

Transfer of intestinal bacterial components to mammary secretions in the cow.

Results from large multicentre epidemiological studies suggest an association between the consumption of raw milk and a reduced incidence of allergy and asthma in children. Although the underlying mechanisms for this association are yet to be confirmed, researchers have investigated whether bacteria or bacterial components that naturally occur in cow's milk are responsible for modulating the immune system to reduce the risk of allergic diseases. Previous research in human and mice suggests that bacterial components derived from the maternal intestine are transported to breast milk through the bloodstream.

Annotation of sheep keratin intermediate filament genes and their patterns of expression.

Keratin IF (KRT) and keratin-associated protein genes encode the majority of wool and hair proteins. We have identified cDNA sequences representing nine novel sheep KRT genes, increasing the known active genes from eight to 17, a number comparable to that in the human. However, the absence of KRT37 in the type I family and the discovery of type II KRT87 in sheep exemplify species-specific compositional differences in hair KRT genes.